696 



CLASS IV. INSECTA. 



of Cicada sep- 

 tem decim the 

 larva lives for 

 from 13-17 

 years according 

 to the tempera- 

 ture and is re- 

 garded by some 

 authorities a s 

 very destructive 

 to roots. Its 

 anterior legs are 

 m o d i fi e d for 

 digging through 

 the earth, the 

 antennae are 

 well developed, 

 the skin thin 

 and white 



(Fig. 440). The pupa is shorter and more compact. It^ crawls out of the 

 ground, clasps a plant with its powerful fore legs, splits along its back and 

 the imago steps out. The female lays her eggs by means of an ovipositor 

 in little slits in twigs which are sometimes broken by their additional 



a 



Fio. 439. Cicada orni (after Packard), a larva ; 6 pupa ; c male 

 Ty stridulating apparatus. 



B 



FIG. 440. Cicada septemdecim. North America (after Biley). A. larva ; B nymph ; C nymph 

 skin after emergence of the imago D ; E section of twig with series of eggs ; F two eggs 

 magnified. 



weight. The characteristic and at times overpowering song is produced 

 by a special apparatus on the metathoracic and anterior abdominal seg- 

 ments. Tympanoterpes is said to rival a steam engine. 



Fam. 2. Fulgoridae. Antennae 3-segmented, the terminal one a 



