822 CLASS V. ARACHNiDA. 



spiders 2-4 mm. found under stones and in dry situations. Prodidornus 

 widely distributed, Eleleis Africa, and Zimiris Southern Asia. 



Fam. 19. Drassidae. Oval cephalothorax rather flat ; 8 eyes in two 

 transverse lines ; ehelicerae vertical ; legs with spines, two claws and a 

 scopula. Simon divides this family in 4 sub-families : (i) Hemicloeinae, 

 Hemicloea, Hemicloeina, Pyrnus and Eebilus New Holland and the former 

 also from New Zealand, etc. (ii) Drassodinae, Theuma Asia, Anagraphis 

 Africa, Lygromma America. Triconqius America, Drassodes cosmopolitan, 

 Echemus widely distributed, Lampona New Holland. Laronia America 

 and Africa, Gnaphosa Europe, Africa and America, (iii) Cithaeroninae, 

 Cithaeron Asia and Africa, (iv) Cybaeodinae, Cybaeodes Corsica and 

 France, Andromma Africa. 



Fam. 20. Palpimanidae. Cephalothorax variable ; 8 eyes in two 

 transverse rows separated from anterior edge by a band ; sternum oval 

 projecting between the thighs and so forming articular cavities ; anterior 

 legs thick ; abdomen oval or long. Three sub-families : (i) Stenochilinae 

 with Metronax, Stenochilus and Colo-pea all from the far East, (ii) Hutto- 

 niinae with Huttonia from New Zealand, (iii) Palpimaninae, Anisaedus 

 S. America, Chedima Morocco. Palpimanus Mediterranean, and others. 



Fam. 21. Zodariidae. Cephalothorax convex and rounded in front ; 

 ehelicerae very robust ; sternum large and flat ; tarsi usually 3-clawed. 

 This is a heterogeneous assemblage of exotic forms divided into five sub- 

 families : (i) Homalonychinae with the American Homalonychus. (ii) 

 Storenomorphinae with Storenomorpha Burmah and Madagascar, and 

 others, (iii) Cydrelinae with Cydrela which lives in sand in Africa, and 

 others. (iv) Cryptothelinae with Cryptothele from Seychelles and the 

 East Indies ; this genus has the power of retracting its spinnerets, (v) 

 Zodariinae with Zodarion and many other genera. 



Fam. 22. Hersiliidae. This family is a peculiarly distinct one, showing 

 Httle affinity with any other. The cephalothorax is at least as broad as 

 long : usually eight eyes with the anterior laterals smaller than the others : 

 chelicerae rather feeble ; legs long and slender, 3 clawed ; the posterior 

 spinnerets are very long and 2-jointed. They are active spiders living on 

 bark, etc. in Africa. Hersilia, Hersiliola. Tama and Murricia. 



Fam. 23. Urocteidae. Cephalothorax broader than long ; 8 eyes 

 crowded together ; chelicerae weak ; legs shortish and stout and of equal 

 length : abdomen large, oval and depressed ; posterior spinneret long. 

 Uroctea Mediterranean and China and Japan. There is a strong re- 

 semblance between the Urocteidae and the Cribellate family CEcobiidae. 



Fam. 24. Ammoxenidae. Cephalothorax as in Hersiliidae ; eyes 

 compact ; coxae highly developed ; tarsi very long, 2 clawed ; abdomen 

 large ; Ammoxenus Africa. 



Fam. 25. Pholcidae. Cephalothorax short and rounded ; the median 

 anterior eyes are black, separated from the group of others which are 

 white and sometimes stalked ; legs extremely long and slender, the meta- 

 tarsus and tarsus being greatly elongated and with additional " false " 

 joints. Sedentary spiders, spinning webs under stones, in outhouses, etc. 

 Two sub-families : (i) Pholcinae, Artema Africa and Asia, Pholcus almost 

 cosmopolitan. P. phalangioides, the only British species, is common in 

 the South in deserted buildings, Leptopholcus Africa, Smeringopus tropical, 

 Priscula S. American, Blechroscelis America. Modisimus West Indies. 

 <(ii) Ninetidinae, Ninetis, the sole genus, Arabia, 



Fam. 2(i. Theridiidae. Spinnerets of equal length ; tarsi with 3 



