TERRICOLAE. 511 



Spermathecae generally 2 pairs in 8 and 9, with diverticulnm or diverticula. 

 This family is closely connected with the last. Acanthodrilus Perr., paired 

 nephridia, entirely from the Southern hemisphere ; Diplocardia Gannan ; 

 Octochaetus Bedd., nephridia diffuse, N. Z. ; Kerria Bedd., American ; Deinodrilus 

 Bedd., with pericardium, N. Z. ; Plagiochaeta Benh., N. Z. ; Tnyaster Benh., 

 St. Thomas ; Benhamia Michaels, diffuse nephridia, mainly tropical Africa. 



Fam. 5. Eudrilidae. Size variable, with paired nephridia ; in some genera 

 nephridial ducts as networks in body-wall, with numerous external openings ; 

 setae in couples, sigmoid ; spermiducal glands always present ; sperm-ducts 

 open into these glands at some distance from external orifice. Spermathecae 

 (if present) unpaired, and opening outwards near the female genital pores, 

 generally replaced by, or, if present, enclosed in coelomic sacs, which are 

 frequently connected with the other parts of the female reproductive system. 

 In some genera the male and female generative openings are unpaired. With 

 the exception of Eudrilus the family is restricted to Africa. 



Sub-fam. 1. Pareudrilini. Integumental sense organs rarely present. 

 Sperm-ducts without dilatation ; ducts of nephridia branching in body- 

 walls ; calciferous glands modified or absent. Eudriloides Michaels, ; 

 Reithrodnlus Mich. ; Megachaeta Mich. ; Mctadrilus Mich. ; Notykus Mich. ; 

 Parcndrilus Bedd. ; Unyoria Mich. ; Platydrilus Mich. ; Nemcrtodrilus 

 Mich. ; Libyodrilus Bedd. ; Stuhlmannia Mich. 



Sub-fam. 2. Eudrilini. Integumental sense organs present. Calciferous 

 glands, paired and unpaired, of the usual structure. No integumental 

 nephridial network ; sperm-ducts with dilatation immediately following 

 funnel. Eudrilus Perr. ; Eminoscolex Mich. ; Polytoreutus Mich. ; Preussia 

 Mich. ; Paradrilus Mich. ; Hypcriodrilus Bedd. ; Hcliodrilus Bedd. ; 

 Alvania Bedd. ; Tcleudrilus Rosa. 



Fam. 6. Geoscolicidae. Size various, sometimes aquatic. Setae 8 in a segment, 

 paired or irregular in arrangement. Clitellum saddle-shaped except in Diaehaeta 

 and Ilyogenia, usually rather extensive, often furnished with modified setae. 

 Nephridia always paired, rarely more than one pair in a segment. Gizzard 

 anterior. Male pores generally within the clitellum, with or without spermiducal 

 glands. Spermathecae without diverticula. 



Sub-fam. 1. Geoscolicinae. Spermathecae one to four pairs in the 

 neighbourhood of the gizzard. All tropical American except Ilyogenia 

 from Natal. Prestomium absent in Pontoscolex, Diaehaeta, and Onycho- 

 chacta (as in Dcodrilus). Rhinodrilus Perr. ; Geoscolex Leuck. ; Spargano- 

 philus Benham ; Sp. tamesis Benham, England ; Trichochaeta Bedd. ; 

 Onychochaeta Bedd. ; Ilyogenia Bedd. ; Tykonus Mich. ; Anteus Perr. ; 

 Pontoscolex Schm. ; Urobenus Benh. ; Diaehaeta Benh. 



Sub-fam. 2. Microchaetinae. Spermathecae, if present, usually near 

 female apertures, nearly always minute, and generally numerous in each 

 segment. Copulatory papillae furnished with special glands, and usually 

 with modified setae. Old world. Griodrilus Hoffmeister ; Microchaeta 

 Perr ; CdllidrilusMich.; Kynotus Mich. ; Glyph idrilua Horst ; Annadrilus 

 Horst ; Hormogaster Rosa, Italy ; Alma Gr. (Siphonogastcr Levinsen), with 

 long paired penial processes ; Bilimba Rosa ; Brachydrilus Benh. , ovaries 

 said to be in 12. 



Fam. Lumbricidae. Terrestrial (rarely aquatic), of moderate size. Setae 

 8 in a segment. Male pores usually on 15, rarely on 12 or 13. Clitellum 



