178 COELENTERATA. 



Heliopora itself is found in the cretaceous formation. Syringopora 

 (Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous) was probably allied to Tubijiom. 

 The Favositidae were probably Alcyonarian. 



Sub-order 1. PROTOALCYONARIA. 



Polyps solitary ; with or without spicules. 



Fam. 1. Haimeidae. Haiinca M. Edw. ; Hartea P. Wright ; Monoxenia H. 



Sub-order 2. STOLONIFERA. 



Colonial Alcyonaria with a membranous or ribbon-like stolon. Jelly poorly 

 developed. Polyps either entirely free from one another except at their bases, or 

 connected by horizontal platforms (Tubipora) or connecting tubes (Clavularia 

 viridis}. Skeleton absent, or composed of calcareous spicules which may be joined 

 together or be isolated. In some cases the body-wall is supported by a horny 

 secretion. 



Fam. 2. Cornularidae. Polyps are not united in bundles, but either spring 

 from a plate-like expansion or a creeping stolon ; or are branched and bear 

 lateral buds. Cornularia Lam., no spicules, horny secretion on polyp-walls and 

 stolon ; Wiizoxenia Ehrb. ; Clavularia Q. and G. ; Sarcodictyon Forbes ; Anthelia 

 Savigny ; Gymnosarca S. Kent ; Cornulariclla Verrill ; Telesto Lamouroux, 

 polyps rise from a flat base, or from stolons, and bear buds ; Coelogorgia 

 M. Edwards, colony arborescent, an axial polyp with buds ; CyatTiopodium 

 Verrill, stolons calcined connecting the short cup-shaped polyps ; Sclcranthelia 

 Studer ; Anthopodium Verrill ; Sympoclium Ehrb. ; Stereosoma Hickson, with 

 spicules, with non-contractile polyps and tentacles, with a horny layer between 

 the ectoderm and supporting lamella ; Erythropodium Roll.; Callipodium Verr. ; 

 Pseudogorgia Koll., axial polyp with lateral polyps budded from the upper part. 



Fam. 3. Tubiporidae. Colonies consist of tubular polyps parallel to one 

 another, and united by horizontal platforms containing endodermal canals 

 (Fig. 145, 6'). The platforms are formed as outgrowths of the lips of the polyps, 

 into which prolongations of the enteric cavity pass to form the endodermal 

 canals ; they are at first without or with only a few spicnles. The platforms 

 and the greater part of the walls of the polyp-tubes contain a skeleton formed 

 of coalesced spicules, so that the dry corallum has the form of parallel tabes 

 united by lamellae. The first layer of platforms constitutes the plate-like stolon 

 of origin. The tubes are divided at intervals by partitions called tabulae which 

 may be funnel-shaped. Tubipora L., the organ-pipe coral. 



Sub-order 3. ALCYONACEA. 



Colonial Alcyonaria with a well-developed canaliferous coenenchyma and loose 

 Kpicules. Without axial skeletal rod. The buds are formed from the coenenchymal 

 canals (Fig. 145, Z>). 



Fam. 4. Xeniidae. Colonies of long polyps, united in their lower portion by 

 a canal system, ramifying in a connecting coenenchyma with feebly calcareous 

 spicules. Xenia (Heteroxenia Koll.) Savigny. 



Fain. 5. Organidae. Elongated polyps united together so as to form a short 

 upright stem. Polyps and tentacles provided with spicules. Organidus 

 Danielssen. 



Fam. Q. Alcyonidae. Massive coenenchyma containing the polyp tubes, 

 which are united by endodermal canals from which the buds are formed. 

 Isolated spicules in the jelly of the coenenchyma. Cry stall ophancs Dan.; 



