298 ABIDA. 



256-7. Pupa triticea Ziegler, "frumentacea Drap.," rhoda- 

 nica Loc., rustica Bourguignat Ms., LOCARD, Annales Soc. 

 d 'Agriculture, Sci. et Ind. de Lyon (7), iii, for 1895 (1896), 

 p. 192, and Pupa crimoda, mea and nova Bgt. Ms., p. 193; 

 iv, 1897, p. 83. Pupa callosa Ziegler MS., ROSSMAESSLER, 

 Iconogr., i, 1835, p. 82, as synonym of typical P. frumentum. 



The typical P. frumentum of France, Belgium and south- 

 ern Germany is characterized by the whitish, usually swollen 

 tract behind the lip (or so-called cervical callous of some 

 authors) ; the angular lamella with a callous enlargement 

 where it joins the lip, but no entering lamella between the 

 angular and the outer lip; a small, short, remote "spiral 

 lamella," visible with difficulty inward from the angular 

 lamella, and a rather small, regularly striate shell. This type 

 is somewhat modified in northern Italy and eastward, but as 

 yet there has been no careful comparative study of these 

 minor modifications. The more distinct forms of northern 

 Italy and Illyria have been segregated as species (illyrica and 

 apennina) . 



The southern border of the range of frumentum in Italy 

 has not been definitely stated, but it is not known from Sicily 

 except by two empty drifted specimens found on the strand. 



The following forms defined by Locard are either synonyms 

 or local races of frumentum. 



Pupa rhodanica Loc. Small, ovoid, short, and very squat, 

 rapidly tapering above ; 7-8 convex whorls, the suture well 

 marked. Aperture relatively large, somewhat rounded, with 

 well-developed folds; 2 straight, contiguous superiors, the 

 largest at the suture, the other immersed ; 2 subequal colurnel- 

 lars, contiguous and immersed ; 4 palatals attaining the peri- 

 stome, the third larger than the others. Peristome a little re- 

 flected, thick. Shell corneous-red, ornamented with fine and 

 regular striae. Alt. 6-7, diam. 3 mm. Quite rare ; Rhone, Ain, 

 Isere, Savoie, etc. Pupa rhodanica Locard, Ann. Soc. d 'Agri- 

 cult. Lyon (7), iii, 1896, p. 192. 



Pupa rustica Bgt. Loc. Small, cylindroid, a little narrowly 

 elongated, slowly tapering above; 7-8 convex whorls, the 

 suture well marked. Aperture nearly rounded, with converg- 

 ing margins ; 2 superior folds, the longest against the suture, 



