356 GRANOPUPA. 



obtuse; last whorl not inflated; aperture oblong-oval; and 

 especially distinct by the strong, white, transverse fold on the 

 upper part of the columella (West.}. 



Sicily: Palermo (Westerlund). 



Pupa (Torquilla} refuga WESTERLUND, Nachrbl. d. m. Ges., 

 1892, p. 192 ; Modicella refuga WEST., Synopsis, p. 102. 



As this species has not been figured, and no dimensions are 

 given, its identification is not without hazard. However, the 

 description, as far as it goes, applies to a variable species 

 which is rather common in the Palermo district, drawn in pi. 

 49, figs. 10 to 14. 



The shell is cinnamon-brown to chestnut-brown, turrited- 

 conic; whorls strongly convex, the penult conspicuously in- 

 flated (sometimes even obtusely subangular), last whorl less 

 inflated, its latter half somewhat flattened or even sulcate 

 below the periphery. Sculpture of coarse, somewhat irreg- 

 ularly spaced, oblique ribs. Aperture having: (1) a rather 

 strong but short lamella high on the columella, fig. 11; (2) 

 the same, with a smaller or minute parietal lamella, fig. 14; 

 (3) columellar and parietal lamellae and a palatal plica, figs. 

 12, 13. 



These tooth-varieties occur in the same lots as received. 

 The parietal lamella is often extremely small. 



Length 5, diam. 2 mm.; 6 whorls (fig. 12). 



Length 4.3 mm. ; 5% whorls (fig. 14) . 



This form is most closely related to scalaris, with which it 

 may, indeed, prove to intergrade ; but the median inflation of 

 the whorls is less marked in refuga, not conspicuous except on 

 the penult whorl. G. occulta has much more regular form and 

 closer striation. 



Pup. [a] unicarinata Potiez et Michaud, Galerie des Mol- 

 lusques Mus. de Douai, i, 1838, p. 175, pi. 17, f. 11, 12, of 

 Sicily, was evidently a shell of the occulta or refuga kind, 

 scarcely to be identified without reference to the type. Wes- 

 terlund has included it in his Fauna with an abstract of the 

 original description, but it has never been identified with a 

 real shell. Fortunately the name was previously used by 

 Lamarck (see vol. xvi, p. 132), so the species may be dropped. 



