ABIDA. 269 



Oligocene species of the Main Basin, known by fragments 

 generically characteristic, and Abida oryza Edw., also quite 

 imperfectly known. These were followed in the Upper Oli- 

 gocene and Miocene by German and Bohemian species which 

 Dr. Boettger considered closely related to the recent A. varia- 

 bilis. All of these forms have the shape, size and character- 

 istic lamellae and folds of the modern genus. The origin of 

 the group is thus to be looked for in earliest Tertiary or more 

 likely in Cretaceous time. The rarity of specimens and small 

 number of species indicate either that central Europe was on 

 the confines of the distribution of the genus, or that the 

 species, then as now, lived chiefly in mountainous regions, and 

 were only preserved exceptionally. 



The only Tertiary Chondrinas found on record are so doubt- 

 fully referred to that genus that no conclusions can properly 

 be based upon them. 



ABIDA VOUASTENSIS (Raspail). Pupa vouastensis Raspail, 

 Feuille Jeunes Naturalistes, 1909, no. 466, p. 201. Barton- 

 ian( ?) stage of the Eocene, Vouast, near Moiitjavoult (Oise). 



ABIDA ORYZA (Edwards). Pupa oryza EDW., Mon. Eoc. 

 Ceph. and Univalves of England, i, 18 , p. 78, pi. 14, f. 3f/-&. 

 Oligocene, Headon Hill. 



ABIDA sp. BOETTGER, Jahrb. Nassau. Ver. Naturk., xliii, 

 1889, p. 245 (as Torquilla sp.). Middle Oligocene of Elsheim 

 in Rheinhessen. 



ABIDA SUBVARIABILIS Sandb. Pupa subvariabilis Sandber- 

 ger Conchyl. Mainz. Tertiar Beckens, 1863, p. 50, pi. 5, f. 6- 

 6c; Vorwelt, p. 393, pi. 23, f. 6-6c. Pupa variabilis var. mio- 

 caena A. Braun, Vert. d. Naturf. Vers. zu Mainz, 1842, p. 148. 

 Torquilla subvariabilis (Sndbgr.) Boettger, Jahrb. Nassau. 

 Ver. Naturk., xlii, 1889, p. 243. SCHLOSSER, Abhandl. d. 

 naturw.-med. Ver. ftir Bohrnen "Lotos," ii, 3. Heft, 1901, p. 

 93, var. ulmensis. Upper Oligocene, Hochheim, Eckingen. 



ABIDA INTRUSA (Slavik). Pupa intrusa SLAVIK, Archiv 

 pro prirod. prozk. Cech., i, 2, p. 259, pi. 4, f. 12, 13. Torquilla 

 intrusa Slavik, KLIKA, Die Tert. Land- und Siisswasser- 

 Conchyl. des nordwestlichen Bohmen, 1891, p. 87, f. 83. 

 Upper Oligocene, Tuchoritz [Tuchorschitz] and Lippen. 



