TRUNCATELLINA. 61 



Having palatal or columellar teeth or both: species 



in Europe, Loochoo Is., S. Africa. 

 Without teeth: species in the Atlantic islands, 



Europe, western Himalayas (and S. Africa?). 



In the following account the sequence is geographic : 



I. Atlantic islands: species 1-3. 

 II. Europe, N. Africa, nearer Asia : species 4-16. 



III. Japan : species 17. 



IV. Abyssinia: species 18-21. 



V. Central Africa : species 22, 23. 

 VI. South Africa : species 24-29. 



Note on the literature of TruncatelUna. 



The first notices of TruncatelUna species were under the 

 name Helix muscorum Miiller, 1774, and Pupa muscorum 

 Draparnaud, 1801. It was supposed to be the Linnean species, 

 now known to be a Pupilla. Draparnaud 's muscorum was a 

 composite of the toothless species since generally but wrongly 

 known as minutissima Hartm., and a toothed form (which he 

 figured), surmised with considerable probability to be stro- 

 beli Gredl. = = rivicrana Bens., but not positively identified by 

 any author, though studied by many. This toothed form was 

 renamed Pupa minuta by Studer, 1820. The same author 

 also named a P. unidentata. Whether he actually had Dra- 

 parnaud 's species cannot be determined. In 1821 Hartmann 

 defined a dentate Swiss form as Pupa minutissima, but so in- 

 exactly that it is not recognizable with certainty. The orig- 

 inal documents on these and other names of the semi-mythical 

 period are given under T. rivierana. Ferussac, in 1821, gave 

 the name V. cyUndrica to the toothless component of Drapar- 

 naud 's P. muscorum. 



Scientific work of an exact nature began with Kiister, 

 Gredler, and their successors, Boettger, Westerlund, and 

 especially Reinhardt. The last author has considered the 

 species of Continental Europe and the Caucasus region in 

 two interesting and lucid papers : Die Isthmia-Arten und ihre 

 geographische Verbreitung, 1879, and Einige Bemerkungen 

 iiber Pupa minutissima und Verwanten, 1916. 



