PUPILLA, EUROPE. 179 



lu the Mollusken-fauna Oesterreich-Ungarns, 1887, p. 256, 

 Clessin gives the length as 4, diam. 1.5 nun. He says that it 

 is distributed apparently over the entire region, but scattered 

 individually among normal examples. 



Mut. milaschevitschi Lindholm. Shell elongate-cylindric, 

 dark rufous-brown, the cervical callus paler; whorls 7-8, the 

 last distinctly ascending in front; aperture always having a 

 nodiform tooth in the palate below the middle (and very 

 rarely an obsolete, punctiform tooth on the parietal wall). 

 Alt. 3.5 to 4, width 1.6 to 1.7 mm. 



Russia: Gouvemement Ssimbirsk, in low, moist parts of a 

 shady garden in Staro-Timoschkino. Also in two places in 

 the Moskow Gouvernernent. 



Stands very near var. elongata Cless. but differs by the 

 constant palatal tooth (Pupilla- muscorum var. milaschevitschi 

 Lindholm, Nachrbl. D. Mai. Ges., 43, March, 1911, p. 39). 



P. MUSCORUM ASIATICA Mlldff. Always toothless; form 

 more elongate ; palatal callus weaker. 



High Asia : Ladak, many places in Turkestan ; western 

 Himalaya. Kukunor region, Prov. Gan-su, China; Bo-hua- 

 shan, near Peking (Pupilla muscorum L. subsp. asiatica Moel- 

 lendorff, Annuaire Mus. Zool. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersb., 

 vi, 1901, p. 381). 



According to Andreae, P. m. var. elongata Cless. is widely 

 spread in central Asia and western China, largely in the loess 

 (Futterer's Durch Asien, iii, 1911, p. 70). What he had is 

 evidently Moellendorff's subsp. asiatica, which does not ap- 

 pear to differ in characters from the European mutation elon- 

 gata. In Central Asia, however, the long form may have 

 racial constancy. 



P. MUSCORUM LUNDSTROMI (West.). 



Shell ovate-cylindric, glossy, brown. Whorls convex, the 

 last somewhat higher but shorter than the penult, above 

 strongly and extended ascending with a narrow transverse 

 callus [crest] colored like the rest of the shell, at the aperture, 

 compressed below. Aperture ovate-rounded ; peristome very 

 narrowly reflected ; outer margin strongly arcuate above, in- 



