182 PUPILLA, EUROPE. 



sertion of the outer margin and lightly dilated near the aper- 

 ture. Aperture a little oblique, seiniovate ; peristonie white- 

 thickened, fragile, a little expanded throughout, the margins 

 approaching. Length 3, diani. 2 mm. (Bgt.). 



Algeria: Forest of Edough, near Bone, at the foot of trees, 

 under moss and dead leaves (Leto-urneux} . 



Pupa aucapitainiana BOURGUIGNAT, Malac. de 1'Algerie, ii, 

 1864, p. 93, pi. 6, f. 17-19. 



9. PUPILLA BIORANATA (Rossm.). PI. 20, figs. 22, 23. 



Shell very small, very narrowly perforate, oval-cyliiidric, 

 obtuse, brown, rather smooth, without luster, thin, somewhat 

 translucent. Aperture half-ovate. Peristome with separated 

 insertions, with a very narrowly reflected border, the neck 

 behind it at first contracted, then encircled with a callous 

 ring. A small tooth on the parietal wall and one in the 

 palate. Length l 1 /^, width % lines; whorls 6 to 7 (Ross- 

 maessler). 



Germany: Homiingeii am Ehein; old Middle-Pleistocene 

 sand of Mosbach and young Middle-Pleistocene loess of Schier- 

 steiii (Boettger) ; loess near Wiesbaden (Roemer), and of 

 Selki im Kreis Poltawa, Russia (Bttg.). 



Pupa bigranata ROSSMAESSLER, Iconographie Land u. 

 Sussw.-Moll., ii, 1839, p. 27, pi. 49, f. 65Piipttla Ugranata 

 (Rssm.) BOETTGER, Jahrb. Nassau. Ver. Naturk., 42, 1889, p. 

 2G1. 



Decidedly smaller than P. margiuata [== mitscorum] and 

 further differing by the invariable palatal tooth, otherwise 

 very closely related (Rossmaessler) . 



Boettger remarks that it is separated from P. cupa, which 

 is of the same size, by the flatter whorls and the weaker stria- 

 tion of the shell. As P. cupa appears hitherto to have been 

 found in alpine and subalpine, P. bigranata only in level 

 districts, it might not be amiss to comprehend both as synon- 

 ymous. But he gives warning that Rossmaessler 's shell is 

 not to be confused with the var. maschiri/iiiHi Pal. of P. mus- 

 corum, which also has parietal and palatal teeth, but is always 

 of the size of muscorum. 



