210 PUPILLA, AFRICA. 



conditions is unknown; but this is a variation common in 

 Pupilla and many other cylindric land shells. A more signifi- 

 cant variation is the lengthening of the lower palatal and to a 

 smaller degree of the other teeth in some colonies. Whether 

 this has racial value must be left to South African students 

 to decide. 



The type locality is not far from Potchefstroom, in the 

 southern Transvaal. The types were rather long shells (pi. 

 16, figs. 17-19, after Krauss) with both palatal folds tuber- 

 cular, according to the figures. 



Kuster's figures, from a specimen in Pfeiffer's collection, 

 doubtless one of the original lot, represent a shorter form 

 similar to the following. 



Many specimens from the southern Transvaal (Potchef- 

 stroom, Heidelberg, Johannesburg) before me from Mr. Bur- 

 nup 's collection are similar but slightly shorter with one whorl 

 less, selected shells from Heidelburg, pi. 16, figs. 1, 2, meas- 

 uring: 



Length 2.72, diam. 1.45, aperture 0.9 mm. ; 6 whorls. 



Length 2.72, diam. 1.5, aperture 0.95 mm. ; 6 whorls. 



Length 2.3, diam. 1.45, aperture 0.85 mm. ; 5y 2 whorls. 



From Pienaar's Poort (Connolly) there are two forms: a 

 stouter shell, strong-toothed and thick-lipped, with the lower 

 palatal long, as in " endoplax" and the Port Elizabeth shells; 

 length 2.6, diam. 1.5 mm.; 6 whorls (pi. 16, figs. 8, 20) ; also 

 more delicate shells with smaller but otherwise similar teeth ; 

 length 2.67, diam. 1.4 mm. ; 6*4 whorls. 



In the Orange Free State (Burnup coll.) at Kroonstad (pi. 

 16, fig. 3), Bloemf 011 tern (fig. 4) and Bustfontein the preva- 

 lent form is short, but slightly more solid than those farther 

 north, with the upper palatal fold often weak or wanting ; but 

 there are also longer shells. The lower palatal fold is often 

 somewhat long. 



Length 3.1, diam. 1.72, aperture 1 mm. ; 6 whorls. Bloem- 

 fontein. 



Length 2.3, diam. 1.4, aperture 0.75 mm.; 5i/o whorls. 

 Bloemfontein. 



Length 2.57, diam. 1.46, aperture 0.9 mm.; 5% whorls, 

 Kroonstad. 



