188 PUP1JL,LA, EUROPE. 



The cylindric stature, the deep suture, the great convexity 

 of the regularly striate whorls, the form of the umbilical per- 

 foration and the aperture are entirely those of P. cupa Jan; 

 only the denticulation is evidently weaker; out of 10 speci- 

 mens from the Agh-dagh 7 are toothless and only 3 have a 

 rather weak parietal tooth, but neither columellar (which ap- 

 pears to be exceptional in the typical form) nor palatal teeth 

 (Boettger}. 



Andreae remarks that "it is chiefly distinguished from the 

 type by the degeneration or lack of teeth. We see in this 

 character a repetition of the similar characteristic of the 

 Asiatic P. mu scorn m. " He reports it from the Kiike-nur 

 region and many places in Thibet and western China, chiefly 

 in loess. 



P. cupa turcmenia Boettger. PI. 23, figs. 6 to 9. Differs 

 from the type by the thinner shell, the last whorl little ascend- 

 ing, the margins of the aperture less enlarged, either tooth- 

 less or provided with only a small parietal tooth. Alt. 3-3Vs> 

 diam in the middle 1% mm. (Bttg.). 



Transcaspia, on the peak of Agh-dagh in Kopet-dagh, 9,000- 

 10,000 ft, above the sea, abundant (Dr. A. Walter) ; debris 

 of the Juldus on the southern spur of the Thian-shaii in N. W. 

 China, in large numbers ; loess of Prov. Kan-su ; Thibet. 



Pupilla cupa var. turcmenia, BOETTGER, Zool. Jahrbiicher, 

 Abth. f. Syst. etc., iv, 27th Dec., 1889, p. 958, pi. 26, f. 3a-c - 

 Pupa (Pupilla) cupa Jan var. turcmenia Boettger in sched., 

 ANDREAE, Land- uud Siisswasserschnecken aus Zentral- uud 

 Ost-Asien, p. 71, f. ii, in Futterer's Durch Asien, iii, 1911; 

 Mittheil Romer-Museum, Hildesheim, no. 11, April, 1900, p. 

 11, f. ii (Loess of Kumbun, Kan-su). 



The figures of Boettger, representing recent specimens (figs. 

 8, 9) and of Andreae showing those of the Chinese loess (figs. 

 6, 7) are reproduced. 



14. PUPILLA ( ?) NEUMEYERI (Krister). PI. 20, fig. 24. 



Shell small, umbilicate, obtuse, ovate-cylindric, of few 

 whorls, opaque, pale corneous, subdiaphanous; \vhorls rather 



