PUPILLA, AFRICA. 215 



thin cuticular edges) and a minute granulation. The em- 

 bryonic li/o whorls have a microscopic reticulation like that of 

 P. lieudeana, being densely, shallowly pitted. The last whorl 

 has a low, rounded crest of the brown color of the shell, fol- 

 lowed by a light constriction ; on its last half it is much flat- 

 tened, tapering downwards, and having a deep furrow over 

 the lower-palatal fold. The suture rises slowly to the aper- 

 ture. The strong but immersed parietal lamella continues 

 about a third of a whorl inward. On the columella there is a 

 strong, white oblong tubercle, usually visible but sometimes so 

 deeply immersed that it can be seen in an oblique view only. 

 The lower-palatal fold is long and strong, the upper short, 

 tubercular. The peristome is reflected, not much thickened 

 within, of a pale brown tint; margins connected by a thin 

 parietal callous film, which is rather coarsely granulose. 

 There is no trace of an angular lamella or tubercle. There is 

 a moderately long umbilical crevice but no true umbilicus. 



Length 3, diam. above aperture 1.5 mm. ; G 1 /^ whorls. 



Length 3.25, diam. above aperture 1.6 mm. ; 7 whorls. 



By the apical sculpture, teeth, and furrow over the lower- 

 palatal fold, this species is related to the South African P. 

 fontana. Indeed were it not for the somewhat longer parietal 

 lamella and lower palatal fold, and the more coarsely grauose 

 parietal wall, it would hardly be separable from P. fontana. 

 It is a case where locality is diagnostic, to a large degree. 



A specimen collected by G. Nevill is illustrated, figs. 12, 13 ; 

 another in the same lot is longer. In figs. 17, 18 Deshayes' 

 imperfect figures are reproduced. 



Series of P. tetrodus (Section Afripiipilla). 



Shell tapering upwards from the last whorl, the whorls 

 increasing rapidly in height. Type P. tetrodus. The teeth 

 are like those of the most fully toothed Pupillas of the section 

 Primipupilla, but the shell is more like a Gastrocopta in shape 

 and increase of the whorls. Systematic position somewhat 

 uncertain. 



