CHONDRIN.E OF THE ALPIC CENTER. 11 



Length 5.8, diam. 2.2 mm. ; 7 whorls. 



Europe, from the French Pyrenees to Greece, north to Oe- 

 land and Gotland, but not in the British Isles. Western Cau- 

 casus. Type loc., near Paris. 



Bulimus avenaceus BRUG., Encycl. Meth., i, 1783, p. 355 (en- 

 virons de Paris). Pupa avenacea Brug., PFR., Monogr., ii, 

 347; iii, 548; iv, 674; vi, 316; viii, 385 (see for older refer- 

 ences). CAZIOT, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon for 1908, pp. 160-169 

 (distribution, synonymy, etc.). WESTERLUND, Fauna, iii, 1887, 

 p. 97, with forms eupora, paucidens, and p. 98, var. subhor- 

 deum, lepta, transient West., etc. LOENS, Nachrbl., xxiv, 

 1892, p. 172 (varieties about Lake Lugano). Pupa (Modi- 

 cella) avenacea Brug., BOETTGER, Jahrb. d. m. Ges., viii, 1881, 

 p. 226, and x, 1883, p. 179 (Caucasus and Transcaspian Terri- 

 tory). Alloglossa avenacea Brug., LINDSTROM, Orn Gotlands 

 nutida Mollusker, 1868, p. 18, pi. 1, f. 11, 13 (jaw and radula). 

 STEENBERG, Danmarks Fauna: Landsnegle, 1911, p. 178, f. 

 147-149 (good). Torquilla avenacea Brug., CLESSIN, Mollus- 

 kenfauna Oesterreich-Ungarns u. der Schweiz, 1887, p. 227, f. 

 129. Modicella avenacea WEST., Synopsis, 1897, p. 97. 

 STEENBERG, Nachrbl. d. Malak. Ges., vol. 45, 1913, p. 169 (oc- 

 currence in Denmark doubtful) ; Danmarks Fauna, Land- 

 snegle, 1911, p. 178, f. 147-149 (teeth, genitalia and shell). - 

 Pupa avena DRAPARNAUD, Hist. Moll. France, 1805, p. 64, pi. 

 3, f . 47, 48. ROSSMAESSLER, Iconogr., i, p. 82, pi. 2, f. 36 ; pt. 

 5, p. 13, f. 319. KUESTER, C. Cab., p. 48, pi. 6, f. 12-14. Pupa 

 hassiaca PFR., Symbolae ad Hist. Hel., i, 1841, p. 45 ; Monogr., 

 ii, p. 334 ( Habichtswald, Cassel, Hessen). KUESTER, Con- 

 chyl. Cab., p. 85, pi. 12, f. 10, 11. VON MARTENS, Nachrbl. d. 

 m. Ges., x, 1878, p. 89 (type specimen is an avenacea, injured 

 in the penult whorl). CAZIOT, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, xxxiv, 

 1909, p. 221. Jaminea septemdentata Risso, Hist. Nat. Eur. 

 Merid., iv, 1826, p. 91. Pupa lucana BRIGANTI, Su due nuove 

 specie di testacei spettanti al genere Pupa, 1832, in Atti 1st. 

 Incoraggiamente, Napoli, v, 1834, pp. 221-238 (not seen) ; 

 placed as a synonym of Pit-pa avena by Scacchi, Catalogus 

 Conchyliorum Reg. Neapolitani, 1836, p. 16. 



This common snail is more widely distributed than any other 



