68 VERTIGININAE. 



that they belong to the submenus Torquilla, are from Schau- 

 fuss, Molluscoruni Systema et Catalogus, Samml. Fr. Paetel, 

 1869: 



Pupa dalmatina Prtsch. Dalm. P. 85. 



Pupa parrajena d 'Orb. Cuba. P. 85. 



Second edition of the same: Catalog der Couchylien- 

 Sammlimg von Fr. Paetel, 1873. 



Pupa baldensis Parr. M. Bald. P. 107. 



Pupa depressilabris Parr. Gorz. P. 107. 



Pupa formosa Parr. Balkan. P. 108. 



Pupa wconspecta Parr. Serb. P. 108. 



Pupa labiosa Parr. Grasse. P. 108. [=-P. brauuii var. 

 labiosa Moq. ?] 



Pupa oblonga Parr. Italia. P. 108. 



Pupa prolongata Parr. Banat. P. 108. 



Pupa proxima Rm. Illyr. P. 108. 



Pupa striatula Parr. Hispan. P. 108. 



Pupa turgida. Zglr. Illyr. P. 109. 



The same, edition of 1883 : 



Pupa anceps Fagot. Europ. P. 158. 



The same, 4th edition, 2d part, 1889 : 

 Pupa scalariformis Em. Sicil. P. 304. 



Pupa tricolor Sowerby, Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 20, f. 190. ? 

 tricolor Villa. 



Subfamily VERTIGININAE. 

 Pupillid snails without inferior tentacles. 



This group comprises Pupillidae having compact, oval, 

 ovate or cylindric shells of quite small or minute size, usually 

 1% to 3 mm. long, from brown to amber or olivaceous color, 

 having the typical 6 teeth of the family, or varying to none 

 or to a greater number. The axis is perforate, but usually 

 closed in the adult stage. Vertigininae are abundant in 

 Holarctic, Polynesian and Hawaiian faunas, almost wholly 

 wanting in South American and African. 



