140 AMERICAN SPECIES OF VERTIGO. 



twisted, on the parietal wall, one on the columella, and two 

 deeply seated within or near the base of the aperture ; peris- 

 tome slightly expanded, columella margin somewhat reflected. 

 Long. 21/2, diam. 1 mm." (Rowell). 



California : San Francisco, Rowell and others. 



Pupa calif arnica ROWELL, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist, of N. Y., 

 vii, Jan., 1861, p. 287. BLAND, Ann. Lye. viii, 1865, p. 166, 

 fig. 12. BINNEY, Terr. Moll. vol. v, 1878, p. 202, f. 107.- 

 STERKI, Nautilus iv, May, 1890, p. 8. 



The figures are from paratypes received from Mr. Rowell. 



V. californica differs from all other American Vertigos by 

 its sculpture. The initial l 1 /^ whorls are smooth (showing the 

 usual minute granulation under the microscope) ; the next 

 whorl is finely but sharply rib-striate, after which the riblets 

 become coarse, more oblique, and on the last whorl about 

 one-tenth of a mm. apart. There is no trace of a crest or con- 

 traction behind the narrowly expanded outer lip ; columellar 

 border is well dilated. Both ends of the lip are somewhat 

 calloused in fully adult specimens. 



In the typical subspecies the four teeth are well developed 

 as a rule, but in some individuals the upper palatal fold is 

 quite small, or even wanting in rare individuals. Dr. Sterki 

 mentions seeing traces of an angular lamella in some specimens. 



Length 2.65, diam. 1.35 mm. ; S 1 /^ whorls. 



Length 2.5, diam. 1.3 mm. 



The size and shape are rather variable in a lot from San 

 Francisco received from Dr. R. E. C. Stearns: length 2.6, 

 diam. 1.4 mm., to length 2.25, diam. 1.25 mm. ; the shorter ones 

 ovate, the longer cylindric. 



Besides the typical form, which is known to me from San 

 Francisco only, the following local races have been defined : 



29a. Vertigo californica trinotata (Sterki). PI. 9, fig. 9. 



"In size not much different from the type, yet a little 

 smaller, and more generally obovate ; the striae are less coarse ; 

 the peristome is slightly but distinctly expanded. There is 

 no superior palatal lamella, and the three present are small, 

 the columellar even a trace, or wanting entirely" (Sterki). 



Length 2.25, diam. 1.15 mm. ; nearly 5 whorls. 



