EUROPEAN SPECIES OF VERTIGO. 175 



Europe; Caucasus and Transcaucasia; Talysch region; 

 Asia Minor. Ponto Delgado, S. Miguel, Azores, probably 

 imported. 



Pupa pygmaea DRAPARNAUD, Tableau Moll. terr. et fluv. de 

 la France, 1801, p. 57 ; Hist. Nat. Moll. terr. et fluv. France, 

 p. 60, pi. 3, f. 30, 31. PPEIFFER, Monogr. Hel. Viv. ii, 362; 

 iii, 559; iv, 685; vi, 334; viii, 405 (see for older references). 

 KiisTER, Syst. Conch. Cab. p. 127, pi. 16, f. 31-34. GREDLER, 

 Tyrol's Land- und Siisswasser-Conchylien, Verb. Zool.-bot. 

 Vereins in Wien. vi, 1856, p. 126, with var. athesina and 

 sarena. WESTERLUND, Fauna, 1887, p. 137. WOLLASTON, 

 Testacea Atlantica, p. 47. Pupa pygmea and var. 5 dentata 

 HARTMANN, Neue Alpina i, 1821, p. 219. 



Vertigo (Alaea) pygmaea (Drap.) BOETTGER, Jahrb. Nassau. 

 Ver. Nat., 1889, p. 305 (Pleistocene and recent distribution). 

 ROSSMAESSLER, Iconogr., pt. x, 1839, p. 29, fig. 648. 

 MOQUIN-TANDON, Moll. France, ii, p. 405, pi. 28, f. 37-42 with 

 var. quadridentata. STEENBERG, Daninarks fauna, Land- 

 snegle, 1911, p. 161, f. 132, with forms quadridentata and 

 qmnquedentata Studer, sexdentata and septemdentata, new 

 forms. GEYER, Uusere Land- und Siisswasser-Mollusken, 

 1909, p. 55, pi. 5, f . 26, 27 ; 6, f . 1. 



Vertigo similis FER., Tabl. Syst. p. 64. 



Vertigo 4 et 5 dentata STUDER, Kurzes Verzeichniss der bis 

 jetzt in unserm Vaterlaude entdeckten Conchylien, Natur- 

 wissensch. Anzeiger der allg. Schw T eizerischen Gesell. f. d. 

 gesammten Naturwiss., May 1, 1820, p. 89 (based upon Pupa 

 pygnuca Drap., 3 : 30, 31). 



Helix Isthmia cylindrica GRAY, Lond. Medical Repository, 

 xv, 1821, p. 239, based upon Drap. pi. 3, f. 30, 31. Vertigo 

 vulgaris LEACH, in TTJRTON, Manual of land and fresh-water 

 shells of the Brit. Is., 1831, p. 103 (as synonym of V. pygmaea}. 



A fuller description and American references may be found 

 on p. 96. I can see no difference between European and 

 American specimens. It is perhaps the most generally dis- 

 tributed Vertigo in Europe, from Portugal and the British 

 Isles eastward. 



Form similis Ferussac (Tabl. Syst. p. 64) had no definition 



