150 VERTIGO OF JAPAN AND EASTERN ASIA. 



lata has a similar crest, the lower palatal fold is long, also, and 

 the angular and parietal lamellae similar in position; yet it 

 has not the peculiarly shaped columellar lamella of Angustula. 

 Pupa cyriesii Drouet, of Guyana, which I have placed in 

 the genus Sterkia, has about the size of this species, but as 

 nothing was said of the extraordinary crest, it appears to be 

 quite different. I have not seen it. 



II. JAPAN AND EASTERN ASIA. 



Vertigo appears to be generally distributed in Japan, the 

 maritime province of Siberia and northward to Bering Strait, 

 though there are as yet but few records, widely scattered over 

 a vast area. The insular species are known by shells brought 

 together by Mr. Y. Hirase of Kyoto. For those of the main- 

 land we depend upon records which leave much to be de- 

 sired in point of illustration, and in some cases, possibly, 

 of precision. 



The Japanese species (except V. dedecora) are quite similar 

 to forms of North America and Europe, and belong to the 

 same groups. Like Cochlicopa. and a few other Holarctic 

 genera, they mingle in a snail fauna which is otherwise chiefly 

 Oriental in its affinities. V. dedecora of the Bonins is related 

 to Tertiary species of Europe. 



The mainland species of eastern Siberia are not known to me 

 by specimens, and all but one are boreal forms also found in 

 Europe or America. The following have been reported. 



V. denudata. (Mouss.) Vladivostok. No. 40. 



V. alpestris (Alder). Vladivostok, Amur Valley. See 

 no. 73. 



V. borealis (Morel.), Kamchatka (= - V. modest a, no. 25). 



V. Jcrausseana (Reinh.). Chukchi Peninsula (and Alaska?). 

 No. 27. 



V. arctica (Wallenb.) Chukchi Peninsula? No. 66. 



The last three species, as represented in the Chukchi Pen- 

 insula and Alaska are in need of rigid comparison, as it does 

 not seem likely that three very similar forms in the same 

 region are specifically distinct. 



They belong properly to the circumpolar fauna. 



