EUROPEAN SPECIES OP VERTIGO. 163 



teeth, not reaching the margin ; peristorne simple, unexpanded, 

 the outer margin forming two well curved circles; connected 

 with the columellar margin by a rather strong callus. 

 Length 2, diam. iy 8 mm. (Westerl.). 



Sweden: Pehrsborg near Ronneby, among rotten leaves in 

 a beech wood. 



Pupa collina, WESTERLUND, Nova Acta E. Soc. Sci. Upsal. 

 (3), viii, 1871, p. 100; Acta Soc. pro fauna et flora Fennica 

 xiii, no. 7, p. 71. 



44. VERTIGO ERLANDI (Westerlund). 



Shell [sinistral], circularly perforate, oblong-conoid, corn- 

 eous-brown, delicately striatulate. Whorls 6, regularly in- 

 creasing, convex, the suture oblique as far as to the aperture, 

 the last whorl with no transverse callus, smooth. Aperture 

 sinuate-oval, the parietal margin very oblique, with 1 enter- 

 ing parietal lamella ; 2 conic columellar teeth ; 3 rather thick, 

 long, palatal folds, impressed in the middle, or abrupt, the 

 1st emerging, corresponding to an external furrow, the 3d 

 basal. Outer margin much longer, formed of two arcs, the 

 upper one stronger, produced. Length 2, diam. 1 mm. 

 (WesterL). 



Sweden: Dalbyo, prov. Sodermanland. 



Pupa (VertiUa,} erlandi WESTERL., Acta Soc. pro fauna et 

 flora Fennica, xiii, no. 7, 1897, p. 194. 



Group of V. antivertigo. 



Ovate, glossy, usually rather dark colored species with 

 6 to 10 teeth, 2 or 3 on the parietal wall (or in V. moulinsiana 

 4-6 teeth, 1 or 2 on parietal wall). 



This group of fully toothed forms of Europe and north 

 Africa is equivalent to what is called the group of V. ovata 

 in America. V. callosa of the central European Oligocene be- 

 longs to the same group, and is probably ancestral to the 

 recent European species. 



45. VERTIGO ANTIVERTIGO (Drap.). PI. 16, figs. 4, 5, 6. 



The shell is rimate, oval, ventricose, nearly smooth, glossy, 



