EUROPEAN SPECIES OF VERTIGO. 173 



Type loc., Barnstaple, Devonshire. " Under stones, among 

 dead and decaying leaves and at the roots of grass in woods 

 and moist places." 



Akea substriata JEFFREYS, Trans. Linnean Soc. London, xvi, 

 1830, p. 515 ; Vertigo substriata, JEFFREYS, British Conchology 

 i, p. 261. KOBELT, Iconogr. (2), viii, p. 89, f. 1524, 1525. 

 STANDEN, Journ. of Conch, xi, 1905, p. 200, monstr. sinis- 

 trorsum. Vertigo (Alcea] substriata Jeffr., BOETTGER, Jahrb. 

 Nassau. Ver. Nat. 1889, p. 303 (Pleistocene and recent dis- 

 tribution). STEENBERG, Danmarks Fauna, Laudsnegle, 1911, 

 p. 162, f. 133. 



Pupa substriata Jeffr., KAISTER, Syst. Conch. Cab. p. 

 180, pi. 21, f . 22, 23. PFR., Monogr. ii, 363 ; iii, 559 ; iv, 685 ; 

 vi, 334 ; viii, 407. GREDLER, Nachrbl. D. M. Ges. 1872, p. 70, 

 with var. sextana. WESTERLUND, Expose crit., in Nova Acta. 

 Eeg. Soc. Sci. Upsal. (3), viii, 1871, p. 92 (many localities in 

 Sweden and Norway), with var. moms. Pupa (Vertigo] sub- 

 striata Jeffr., GEYER, Jabresh. Ver. vaterl. Naturk. Wiirttem- 

 berg, 36, 1907, p. 424; occurrence in Germany. 



Pupa curta HELD, Isis, 1837, p. 304 (Bavaria). 



Vertigo 5-dentata and V. 6-dentata STUDER, in Coxe, 

 Travels in Switzerland, 1789, iii, p. 388, names only ; = sub- 

 striata according to Jeffreys, Linn. Trans, xvi, 516. 



The short, keg-like shape, the 6 or 7 teeth and especially 

 the very strong striation, amply distinguish this species. 

 Length 1.75, diam. 1.1 mm.., or slightly smaller. Steenberg, 

 who has published the best figure of the species, gives the 

 length of Danish examples as 1.5 to 1.8 mm. 



Var. mitis Boettger. PL 17, fig. 4. Form, sculpture and 

 position of teeth as in substriata, V. sieversi being less strongly 

 sculptured, more glossy and turrited. There is a similar weak 

 transverse keel preceding the aperture as in typical specimens 

 from Yorkshire. The outer parietal tooth is always very 

 small, a feature observed here and there also in specimens 

 from Dalarne, Sweden, and in other localities of the species. 

 The Caucasian form is indistinguishable from specimens df 

 the last-named locality. Alt. 1%, diam. 1 mm. Caucasia: 



