EUROPEAN SPECIES OF VERTIGO. 183 



of a corneous-fulvous tint. Summit obtuse, smooth, and of a 

 paler tint. 6 convex whorls, regularly increasing, separated 

 by a deep suture. Aperture slightly oblique, rounded-lunate, 

 having 4 strong, elevated denticles: one in the middle of 

 the convexity of the penult whorl, a second on the columellar, 

 2 other palatals on the internal callus of the peristome. 

 Peristome double, the first, interior, is indicated within by a 

 whitish callus, and externally by a swelling ; the second peris- 

 tome is simple, acute and a little reflected. Between the two 

 peristornes the last whorl is a little constricted, this being 

 very marked at the base. The margins are united by a nearly 

 invisible callus of the same color as the rest of the shell. 

 Length 2i/o, diam. 1 mm. (Bgt.). 



France: around Vannes (Morbihan), under stones in shady 

 places. 



Pupa loroisiana BOURGUIGNAT, Malac. terr. et fluv de la 

 Bretagne, 1860, p. 65, pi. 2, f. 7-9. Pupa laroisiana Bgt., 

 WESTERLUND, Fauna iii, 1887, p. 138. Vertigo laroisiana Bgt., 

 WESTERLUND, Synopsis, 1897, p. 121. 



The strong palatal callus and external crest, the rather 

 elongate shape and four teeth appear to be the salient charac- 

 ters of this form, which is more slender than the related 

 V. moulinsiana according to Bourguignat's account, by which 

 it is solely known. 



56. VERTIGO GRAELLSIANA Servain. 



Shell minute, rimate-perforate, oblong, very glossy, smooth, 

 subdiaphanous, reddish-corneous. Spire rather long, obtuse 

 at summit, the apex large. Whorls 5, convex, regularly and 

 slowly increasing, separated by a rather deep suture; the 

 last whorl small, rounded, straight above, angular below, 

 around the perforation, the angle confluent with a swelling 

 behind the peristome; contracted and then gibbous behind 

 the lip, the gibbosity paler, strongly convex, transverse, join- 

 ing the basal angle. Aperture vertical, semiovate or sub- 

 trigonal, wide above, narrowed and angular below, 4-plicate, 

 as follows : one median, lamelliform parietal ; one strong colu- 

 mellar ; and two equal palatals, in the middle of the convexity 



