196 EUROPEAN SPECIES OF VERTIGO. 



sieversi Bttgr. var. subalpestris BOETTGER, Bericht Senckenb. 

 Nat. Ges. 1889, p. 25. Pupa sieversi Bttg., ROSEN, Nachr. d. 

 m. Ges. vol. 39, 1907, p. 205. 



Constantly of a more elongate turrited form [than V. 

 pygmtra], by the striation and position of the parietal tooth 

 most nearly related to V. substriata. (Bttg.). 



Var. punctulum Bttg. PL 17, fig. 13. Smaller, more 

 ovate. Mauglis; debris of the Kura at Borshom (Sievers) ; 

 also Martkopi and Abastuman (Leder). 



In all the specimens from Abastuman the lower columellar 

 tooth of typical P. sieversi is wanting (Bttg.). 



Var. subalpestris (Bttg.). Differs from V. alpestris chiefly 

 by the very small size, alt. 1%, diam. % mm., the more ovate 

 shape, the somewhat stronger sculpture and the stronger de- 

 velopment of the upper parietal denticle. 



Caucasia: on the Kasbek (type loc.) ; forest region of the 

 southeastern and northern spurs of the Oschten-Fischt moun- 

 tain-group ( Leder) . 



Dr. Boettger states that specimens from the last locality 

 are somewhat larger, length 1%, diam. 1 mm. ; the second 

 parietal tooth is altogether lacking, and in these characters 

 and the size this form is so similar to the true V. alpestris 

 that without the most careful attention it would be mistaken 

 for that. Besides the differential features noted above, sub- 

 alpestris has the weak indication of a narrow transverse cal- 

 lus in the base of the mouth, near the peristome. Were it 

 not for the transitions to sieversi from the Kasbek, subalpestris 

 would be united with the real alpestris. 



Vertigo sieversi was first described as P. pygma-ea var. 

 nitidula, by Moussou ; and I am not sure that his name should 

 be rejected. Boettger gives no reason for doing so. There is, 

 however, a Torna-tella nitidula of Lamarck, which in modern 

 nomenclature will become Pupa nitidula. Mousson's descrip- 

 tion follows. 



Pupa (Vertigo) pygmaea Drap. var. nitidula Mousson. 

 Smaller, 1.5 mm. long, 0.9 diam., brown, glossy, the base not 

 compressed; 2 minute palatal teeth, not produced, visible ex- 

 ternally, columellar tooth single small. This appears to me 



