EUROPEAN SPECIES OF VERTIGO. 203 



moderate, convex, angular below around the perforation, above 

 straight and slightly descending to the insertion of the lip, 

 nearly i/a, the total alt., thicker but not swollen behind the 

 aperture. Aperture slightly oblique, trigonal, below angu- 

 larly narrowed and transversely straightly thickened, 4- 

 plicate, as follows: 1 strong parietal, 1 colmnellar at the 

 upper part of the columella, and two approximate palatals, 

 visible externally, the upper one stronger and reaching the 

 margin. Peristome lipped within, spreading and a little re- 

 flected, the outer margin a little straightened, thicker in the 

 middle ; the columellar margin somewhat straightened, in an 

 oblique direction from left to right ; margins rather remote. 

 Length 1%, diam. l 1 /^, alt. ap. %, width y 2 mm. (Servain). 



Spain : drift debris of the Ebre at Saragossa. 



Vertigo acheila SERVAIN, Etude Moll. rec. en Espagne et 

 en Portugal, 1880, p. 125. 



"The columellar margin has an obliquely rectilinear direc- 

 tion from right to left, rendering the aperture triangular and 

 quite angular at the base. The aperture is, moreover, char- 

 acterized by a horizontal thickening interiorly in the lower 

 part, altogether identical with that which has been remarked 

 in the pupa microtragus of Turkey" (Servain). 



It appears to be known only by Servain 's description. 



77. VERTIGO BUTTNERI Siemaschko. 



Shell very minute, ovate, somewhat obtuse, very elegantly 

 striate, subrimate. Aperture semiovate, peristoine white- 

 lipped; parietal wall and palate 1-toothed. Length 2, diam. 

 1.5 mm. ; whorls 4^ (Siem.). 



Courland: Parvecia (H. Biittner). 



Vertigo buttneri SIEMASCHKO, Bull, de la Classe Physico- 

 Math. de 1'Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersb., vii, no. 159, 1849, p. 

 234. 



This small reddish-brown snail has great resemblance to 

 Pupa bigranata, but it is a true Vertigo ; lightly striate, above 

 obtuse, the aperture half-round, with thickened white margins, 

 outwardly a little angular, and two-toothed. Of the teeth, 

 one stands above, the other below, obliquely opposite; on the 



