CLASS MAMMALIA. 209 



has a concave forehead, small ears, and the enamel of 

 the teeth arranged in transverse bands. The African 

 species has a convex forehead, enormous ears, and the 

 enamel of the teeth lozenge-shaped. Both sexes have 

 tusks, the male sometimes being six feet long and 

 weighing a hundred pounds. 



ORDER UNGULATA (ting gu la'ta). 



The distinguishing feature of this extensive order is, 

 that the toe-nails form hoofs. Those having the number 

 of toes even are styled Artiodactyls, and odd, Perisso- 

 dactyls. The Artiodactyls (arshi o ciak'tiiz) that chew the 

 cud are termed Ruminants (roo'mi nantz). The digestive 

 apparatus is complicated, since vegetable matter is or- 

 dinarily taken as food, and must be considerably changed 

 before it can be assimilated by the animal tissues. 



The several genera offer a great range of variety in 

 structure as well as in habit ; each characteristic, how- 

 ever, being dependent largely upon some peculiarity in a 

 particular locality. 



being narrow, it was forced to bend its head so as to let the beam pass endways. 

 The exertion and inconvenience led it to cry Urmph ! TTrmph ! in a dissatisfied 

 tone, and it was this sound which had alarmed my horse. The elephant, on see- 

 ing us halt, stopped, reconnoitered us for a moment, flung down the timber, and 

 forced itself back into the brushwood to let us pass. As my horse still hesitated, 

 the sagacious creature pressed still farther one side, repeating its cry of Urmph ! 

 in an encouraging tone, as if bidding us to come on. Finally my horse did so 

 tremblingly, and when we were by, the elephant came out, lifted the timber, 

 balanced it on its tusks, and resumed its march, snorting discontentedly as 

 before.'' 



Mr. Hornaday says: "The elephant swims better than any other terres- 

 trial quadruped," and in confirmation quotes from "Thirteen Years Among the 

 Wild Beasts of India," by G. P. Sanderson, as follows : " A batch of seventy- 

 nine " (elephants) " that I dispatched from Dacca to Barrackpur, near Calcutta, 

 had the Q-anges and several of its large- tidal branches to cross. In the longest 

 swim they were six hours without touching the bottom. After a rest on a sand- 

 bank, they completed the swim in three more. Not one was lost. I have heard 

 of even more remarkable swims than this."" Two Years in the Jungle," CHARLES 

 SCKIBNEB'S SONS, 1886, 



