IX 



PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA 



407 



rod,, a nib 

 cod curt 



OSS 



of muscular fibres. Concealed from view by the centro-dorsal 

 ossicle is a thin plate termed the " rosette ''' (ros), formed by the 

 coalescence of the basals of the larva. At the sides are five 

 first radial ossicles (R l ), also concealed by the centro-dorsal 

 ossicle : with each of these articulates a second radial (H 2 ), which 

 is visible beyond the centro-dorsal. With each of the second 

 radials articulate two third radials (R 3 ), each forming the base of 

 the corresponding arm-branch. 



The ossicles of the arms brachials (Er. 1 , Br?} are arranged 

 in a single row in each arm. They are somewhat elongated 

 in the direction of the long 

 axis of the arm, strongly con- 

 vex on their aboral surfaces, 

 longitudinally grooved on the 

 oral surface, and connected to- 

 gether by the investing epi- 

 dermis and by bundles of 

 muscular fibres, by the con- 

 tractions of which the move- 

 ments of the arms are brought 

 about. Fringing the sides of 

 each arm are two rows of side- 

 branches, or pinnules, each sup- 

 ported by its row of connected 

 ossicles, and each grooved along 

 its oral surface. 



The ccelome contains num- 

 erous strands of connective- 

 tissue which serve to suspend 

 the various organs. 



Extending through the arms 

 and pinnules between the sup- 

 porting ossicles and the am- 

 bulacra! grooves are three 

 canals which are prolongations 

 of the coelome (Fig. 333, cod. can}. Two of these the sub- 

 tentacular canals form a pair separated from one another by a 

 median septum underlying the ambulacral groove. The other 

 the ccdiac canal runs between these and the supporting ossicles 

 (oss). The sub-tentacular canals and the coeliac canal communicate 

 with one another at the extremity of each arm. 



The enteric canal begins with a wide, funnel-shaped oeso- 

 phagus leading to a spacious stomach which gives off a number of 

 short, blunt diverticula and a pair of longer, narrower, " hepatic ' 

 caeca, which are slightly branched at the ends. Distally the stomach 

 becomes contracted and opens into a wide intestine, which winds 

 round the ccelome, becoming narrower where it passes upwards to 



FIG. 333. Antedon, transverse section of a 

 pinnule, amb. ne. radial nerve of the super- 

 ficial (ambulacral) nervous system ; ax. ne. 

 axial nerve ; crel. can. sub-tentacular and 

 coeliac canals ; mus. muscles ; neur. ves. radial 

 sinus of the perihfemal system ; rad. amb. 

 radial ambulacral vessel giving off branches 

 to the tentacles. Between the paired sub- 

 tentacular and unpaired coeliac canals is the 

 genital rachis. The small round bodies above 

 the line from rad. amb. are the sacculi. (After 

 Teuscher.) 



