CHAPTER IV 



ZOOLOGY EMERGES 



AFTER analyzing its five outstanding advances and 

 before proceeding to discuss other steps of biological 

 progress we should make a digression to consider the 

 circumstances under which science developed, and, in 

 particular, those conditions that led to the emergence 

 of zoology as a separate science. 



As in human affairs present conditions can be 

 understood only in the light of precedent conditions, 

 so in zoology, a brief sketch of its rise is essential to an 

 intelligent comprehension of the subject. 



It is not necessary to attempt to picture the crude 

 beginnings of observations of animated nature, and 

 the dawning of simple ideas regarding animals and 

 plants. The hunters, the poets, the artists of an- 

 tiquity and the primitive nature-searchers accumu- 

 lated facts of observation and invented many fables 

 about animals. Fact and fable were intermingled and 

 molded into a crude natural history of animals which 

 existed long before the advent of Aristotle. 



Knowledge of nature among the ancients reached 

 its highest development in the Greek philosopher 



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