CUVIER AND STRUCTURAL ZOOLOGY 63 



physiological studies. Thus Physiology and Mor- 

 phology are the two chief divisions of Zoology. We 

 must remember that there was concurrent progress 

 in these two departments but for clearness they must 

 be separately considered. 



Cuvier (1767-1832), (Fig. 14), although he had his 

 forerunners, may be said to have founded compara- 

 tive anatomy about 1805, and his influence dom- 

 inated zoology for the first third of the nineteenth 

 century. After attendance at the Carolinian Acad- 

 emy, at Stuttgart, in order to add to his slender 

 purse, he accepted employment as private tutor to 

 the sons of the Count d'Hricy. This took him to 

 the sea coast near Caen in northern France. Hav- 

 ing time at his disposal, with eager enthusiasm he set 

 himself to become acquainted with the structure of 

 marine animals (especially mollusca). The results 

 of his investigations were sent to Paris for publica- 

 tion and this served to bring him to the notice of the 

 working naturalists of the French metropolis. In 

 particular, Lamarck and Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire con- 

 nected with the Royal Garden (Jardin du Roi, later 

 the Jardin des Plantes) gave a hospitable reception to 

 his work and extended a helping hand. He was 

 invited to come to Paris to connect himself with the 



