32 THE MAIN CURRENTS OF ZOOLOGY 



The Pasteur Institute must not be thought of as 

 founded chiefly for the treatment of hydrophobia 

 this is merely incidental. It is organized for the 

 complete investigation of bacteria and all manner of 

 serum injections and vaccines for the control of 

 diseases. In the Paris Institute, Emile Roux, the 

 present Director, perfected and proved the efficacy 

 of the antitoxin of diphtheria (independently dis- 

 covered by Behring in 1892). From it has emanated, 

 directly or indirectly, such important procedure as 

 vaccination against typhoid fever, the serum treat- 

 ment of bubonic plague, etc. Without the superb 

 work of Pasteur these advances could not have taken 

 place. 



Koch. Robert Koch (Fig. 8) was born in 1843, 

 and for several years before his death in 1910, he was 

 the Director of the Institute for Infectious Diseases 

 in Berlin. His investigations were mainly those of a 

 medical man and were crowned with remarkable 

 success. In 1881, he discovered the bacillus of 

 tuberculosis, in 1883, the specific germ of Asiatic 

 cholera, and since that time his name has been con- 

 nected with many notable discoveries that are of 

 continuous practical application in the science of 

 medicine. He was so ingenious, so highly trained and 



