ZOOLOGY OF FOSSIL REMAINS 101 



of primitive man. But its importance has been 

 enhanced by the discovery of a long series of similar 

 skulls. 



In 1886, came the discovery in the Cave of Spy, 

 Belgium, of two skeletons with the same structural 

 features as those of the Neanderthal remains, and, 

 since that time, the discoveries of numerous similar 

 relics have established the existence of a Neander- 

 thal race living in the middle of the palaeolithic 

 period. The more notable members of the Neander- 

 thaloid series embrace: the human remains of 

 Krapina, in Croatia, found in 1899-1904, and con- 

 sisting of parts of the skeletons of ten persons from 

 infancy to old age; the skeletal remains of La Chapelle 

 aux-saints and of Le Moustier. 



In August, 1908, there was discovered in South- 

 western France, by well directed efforts of French 

 archaeologists, a very interesting skeleton of the 

 Neanderthal type, and now known as the man of La 

 Chapelle aux-saints. This is the skeleton of an old 

 man with an almost complete skull, and a lower jaw 

 lacking some of the teeth. Since the comprehensive 

 analysis of these remains, published by Boule in 1913, 

 this is the most thoroughly known skeleton of the 

 Neanderthal race and may be taken as a type. Be- 



