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ZOOLOGY 



Sponges 



Ccelenter- 

 ates 



Echino- 

 derms 



plants. All groups above the Protozoa are classed 

 together as Metazoa, merely to emphasize the fact that 

 they are many-celled or compound. 



Phylum Porifera (page 207) 



The sponges, in which numerous cells are associated 

 together to form the individual, and these are special- 

 ized or modified in various ways. 



Phylum Ccelenterata (page 210) 



Primitively radially symmetrical animals, such as the 

 jellyfish and the sea anemone. The Ctenophora, jelly- 

 fishlike marine animals with eight longitudinal bands 

 of cilia, constitute a subphylum. 



Phylum Echinodermata (page 218) 



Secondarily radially symmetrical animals, certainly 

 more related to the worms, or even to the arthropods, 

 than to the ccelenterates. They include the starfish, 

 sea urchin, etc. 



Phylum Bryozoa (page 226) 

 Small marine or fresh-water animals living in colonies. 



Phylum Brachiopoda (page 227) 



Lamp shells The lamp shells, resembling bivalved mollusks, but 

 really related more nearly to the worms. 



Phylum Platyhelminthes (page 229) 



Flatworms, such as the planarian, the liver, fluke and 

 the tapeworm. The Nemertinea (page 233) may be re- 

 garded as another phylum, or a class under Platyhel- 

 minthes. 



Phylum Nemathelminthes (page 233) 



The roundworms, with cylindrical unsegmented 

 bodies, such as the hookworm. 



Bryozoa 



Flatwonns 



Round - 

 worms 



