HUMAN BIOLOGY 



CHAPTER I 



INTRODUCTION 



To which ' branch of animals does man belong ? To 

 which class and order in that branch ? (Animal Biology, 

 pages 125, 193.) There is no other animal species in the 

 same genus or order with man. This shows a wide pliysi- 

 cal difference be- 

 tween man and 

 other animals, but 

 man's mind iso- 

 lates him among 

 the other animals 

 still more. 



The human 

 species is divided 

 into five varieties 

 or races: I. Cau- 

 casian (Fig. i). 

 Skin fair, hair wavy, eyes oval. (Europe except Finns 

 and Lapps, Western Asia, America.) 2. Mongolian. Skin 

 yellow, hair straight and black, face flat, nose blunt, almond 

 eyes. (Central Asia, China, Japan, Lapps and Finns of 

 Europe, Eskimos of North America.) 3. Americans. Skin 

 copper red, hair straight, nose straight or arched. (North 

 and South America.) 4. Malay. Skin brown, face flat, 

 hair black. (Australia and Islands of Pacific.) 5. Ethi- 



B I 



* . , , 



FIG. i. FACIAL ANGLES of Caucasian (nearly 90) 

 and Ethiopian (about 70). The angle between 

 lines crossing at front of upper jaw near base of 

 nose, one line drawn from most prominent part of 

 forehead, the other through hole of ear. 



