140 



PISCES. 



The electrical organs* may be mentioned as a peripheral appendage 

 of the nervous system (Torpedo, Gymnotus, Malapternrus, Mor- 

 myrys). They are nervous apparatuses which in the arrangement of 

 their parts may be compared to a Voltaic pile. They develop elec- 

 tricity, and give electrical discharges when their opposite poles are 



FIG. 590. Torpedo with electric organ dissected out (EO) (after Gegenbaur). On the right 

 side the dorsal surface only of the organ is exposed ; on the left side the nerves which 

 go to it are shown. Le, electric lobe ; Tr, trigeminal nerve ; V, vagus nerve ; O, eye ; Br, 

 gills ; on the left the individual branchial sacs ; on the right the latter are shown covered 

 with a common muscular layer. Gr, Gelatinous tubes of the skin (sense canals). 



connected. In Torpedo these organs are situated (fig. 590) between 



* Compare Savi, " Recherches anatomiques sur le systems nerveux et sur 

 1'orgaiie electrique de la torpille." Paris, 1844. 



Bilharz, "Das elektrische Organ des Zitterwelses." Leipzig, 1857. 

 Max Schultze, " Zur Kenntniss des elektrischen Organs der Fisclie." 1, 2. 

 Halle, 1858 and 1859. 



Max Schultze, "Zur Kenntniss des den elektrischen Orgauen verwaudten 

 Schwanzorganes von Raja clavata." Mailer's Archiv, 1858. 



Sachs, ' Untersuchungen am Zitteraal." Leipzig, 1881. 



