ARTIODACTY LA. R U M I X A XTI A . 



317 



together of its lips, into the small third division of the stomach, which 

 is called the psalter in in on account of the numerous leaf -like folds of 

 its inner surface. From the psalterium the food enters the fourth 

 stomach the longitudinally folded f,',nn'f stomach, or abomasum, in 

 which the digestion takes its further course under the influence of 

 the secretion of the numerous peptic glands. In only a few cases, 

 in the Java Musk-deer and the Ti/Jo/in In (Camels and Llamas) is 

 the psalterium absent as a separate division. 



Fam. Tylopoda. Ruminants without accessory dibits, with a callous sole 

 covering all three phalanges behind the small hoofs. The prsemaxillaries bear 

 two, in the young animal four or six incisor teeth, while the number of the 

 lower incisors is reduced by two. There are also strong canines in both jaws. 

 There is no separate psalterium. Ain-liinntij luin/i L., Llama: A. linn nnca 

 H. Sin.: A. AIji/u-o Gin.: -1. ciciii/iin Gin. All on the west coast of South America. 



1 1 



Camclus <1 rented (triits L., Dromedary, Grinding teeth. -; ('. 1/nrt rtuniix L. 



o 



two-humped Camel of Tartary. Mongolia. 



Fam. Devexa = Camelopardalidae. Giraffes. With very long neck, long front 

 legs ; the hind legs are much shorter, and. therefore, the back slopes backwards 

 Camelopafdalis glraffa Gm., wooded plains of Central Africa. 



Fam. Moschidae. Smail. slender Ruminants, without horns, with tusk-like, 

 strongly-developed upper canine teeth in the male. The male has between the 

 navel and the penis a glandular sac, in which strong-smelling musk accumulates. 

 Mom-bus utoxch/feri/s L.. high mountains of Central Asia, from Thibet to 

 Siberia ; Tnttjnlus jitrnnicux Pall., without musk-bag, Island of Sunda. 



Fam. Cervidae (Deer). Of slender build, with horns in the males, and two 

 rudimentary digits. In almost all cases there is a brush of hairs on the inside of 

 the hind foot, which affords a good means of distinguishing deer from the 



/ 



antelopes. Upper canines often present in the male. Grinding teeth : 



The horns, which, except in the Reindeer, are confined to the male, are of 

 systematic importance : they are solid dermal bones, which are attached to a 

 bony process of the forehead, and are detached at regular periods from the 

 thickened circular base, cast off. and renewed. They feed on leaves, buds, and 

 shoots. The females have four mammae, but usually bear only one young. 

 Australia and South Africa only are without Crn-itJrc. Fossil species first 

 appear in the middle tertiarics. Cervus capreolus L., Roe-deer: C. rl/i pints. L. 

 Red-deer ; C. raintdi'iisi* Priss., North America ; C. campestris Cuv. ; DIDIKI r>/l- 

 f/aris Brook. Fallow-deer: Mcf/tici'i-ax liibcrnictis <>w. (airi/i-i-i-ox). extinct Irish 

 elk of the diluvium ; Ah'cs jmlmtitins Klein = C. ttlce* L., Moose or Elk, in North 

 Europe. Russia, and North America : lit/ nr/ifi /- tarandiis H.. Sm., Reindeer, 

 antlers in both sexes, with numerous broadly-projecting prongs : they are used 



as beasts of burden, and for draught and riding, by the Laps. 



/? 



Fam. Cavicornia. Without canine teeth, with - minders and hollow horns in 



(J 



both sexes. All are gregarious, and most polygamous. 



Sub-fain. Antilopinae. Antilojn' don-as Licht.. Gazelle, Africa : Saif/a .tiif/n 

 Waun.. steppes of Asia ; Hippotrar/iis a/ u in us Geoffr.. Blaubock of South 

 Africa ; H. on/a- Blainv. : H. (uliht-i- Wagn., Africa ; Strepsicero& Kwlit Gray. 



