TELEOSTEI. 



11)1) 



Alauxa rulyaris Cuv.. Yal., the Shnd ; migrates in May at the spanning sens. .11 

 from the sea into the rivers, r.//., up the Rhine to Basel, and in the Main t<> 

 \Viirxburg. Attains a length of t'nree feet. .1. /nl<-/iar/l//x Bloch. Sardine. 

 .Mediterranean. 



Fam. Esocidse (Pikes). The head is broad and depressed : the dorsal tins are 

 placed far back. Pseudobranch glandular, hidden. Voracious carnivorous 

 fish, with wide throat and powerful dental armature. Exo.r lin-iux L.. 1'ike : 

 f'/i/brti Kntnicri Job. Miill. 



Fain. Salmonidse. \Vith adipose fin. simple swimming bladder, and 

 numerous pyloric appendages. The ovaries are sacs from which the eggs la 1 1 

 into the abdominal cavity. At spawning 

 time, which is usually in the winter months, 

 the two sexes often exhibit striking dif- 

 ferences. They are large predatory fishes. 

 and belong principally to the rivers, moun- 

 tain streams, and lakes of the northern 

 regions. They like clear cold waters with 

 stony bottom ; but they have, also, repre- 

 sentatives in the sea, which ascend the rivers 

 and their tributaries to spawn, fort't/nnvx 

 \\~a-rtmninii Bloch. Blaufelchen ; in the 

 Alpine lakes. Th>/maU>is rulr/tirix Nilss. 

 (vexillifer'), Grayling : t?almn salvelimis L.. 

 Saibling : /S. Jnicho L., Hucheu. in the region 

 of the Danube, a large predatory fish. S. xal/i>\, Salmon : ,S'. Itieuxtri* L. 

 (Seeforelle, Schwebforelle), in the lakes of the Alps of Central Europe. 

 S. tnitta L., Salmon or Sea trout ; ti.fu-rio L.. Trout. 



Fam. Cyprinidae (Carps). Fresh-water fish, with narrow mouth, often 

 provided with barbules. The jaws are weak and without teeth, but the lower 

 pharyngeal bones are abundantly furnished with teeth (fig. (ill). Cyprinvs 

 t-iirp'ui L., the Carp ; Caraxxiu* ndyaris Nilss., Crucian and Prussian C'arjis 

 (Karausche) ; Tinea vulgari* Cuv., Tench ; Jiarliisjliifitttilix Ag., the Barbel ; 



FIG. Oil. Lower pbaryngeal bones 

 with the teeth of a carp (after 

 Heckel and Kner). 



FIG. 612. Rhodeus amarus. Female (after v. Siebold). 



Gnlhi Jltu-'uitilix Flem., the Gudgeon ; Rhodi-ux amarus Bloch. (Bitterliug). 

 The female has an ovipositor with which she deposits the ova in the gills of the 

 fresh-water mussel (fig. 612). Allnrrniis lucldiix Heck. Kner, the Bleak ; 

 Li'i/riwitx rutilux L., the Roach ; L. cepJ>nlvs L., the Chub : Chondrostoma 

 iinxim L., (Xasling) ; Arlrainix bruma Flem., Bream ; Phoxinus Ueris L. Ag., 

 Minnow. 



Fam. Acanthopsidae. The swimming bladder is contained in a bony capsule. 

 Cubitix fusxilist L. ; C. IxtrlMtula L., Loach; (', ta'tihi L.. Spiued Loach or 

 Groundling. 



