BATRACHIA. 195 



maxillaries, .and usually also on the vomcr. Rana i-xciilc-ntu L., the green Frog. 

 Green with dark spots and yellow longitudinal streaks on the back. The male 

 has two vocal sacs. Leaves its place of concealment at the end of April, and 

 spawns at the end of May or the beginning of June. On the banks of stagnant 

 water. 7'. ti-mpoi-nrhi L., the brown frog, with dark spots on the head in the 

 auditory region. It appears very early, and copulates in March; but only 

 remains in the water to spawn, and then frequents meadows and field-. Steen- 

 strup has divided this frog, which is widely divided over Europe, into two 

 species (7?. .///;// ina, phiti/rltlna'). B. mugicnx Daud., Bull-frog, North America ; 

 Pxcudlx paraiJod'n L., South America, distinguished by the size of its larvae. 



Fam. Pelobatidse. Laud-frogs T< >ad-frogs. With more or less warty, rough, 

 and richly glandular skin, and clumsy toad-like form ; with teeth on the 

 maxillaries. Alyti'x olisti-tricans Laur. (rig. G2G) ; Pdolatcs fuscirs Laur. ; 

 Boiiibiiiatin- iijm-ux lib's. (Unke, Feuerkrbte). 



Fam. Bufonidae. Toads. Of clumsy build, with warty glandular skin (ear- 

 glands) and toothless jaws. The posterior feet have five digits, and are but 

 little longer than the anterior, so that the animal is unable to spring with the 

 same agility as the Frogs ; but they can in many cases run with great speed. 

 Bufo vulgitris Laur., the common Toad ; B.virulis Laur. (variabilis), the green 

 Toad ; B. cnlnmltn Laur. (Kreuzkrb'te). 



Tribe 3. Discodactylia. Batrachians with tongue and with broad 

 digits, the points of which are provided with suctorial discs. 



Fam. Hylidae. Tree-frogs. With maxillary teeth and without parotids. 

 Hi/In rl>i>rca L., Tree-frog, cosmopolitan ; Notodelphys ovifrrn Weinl., 

 Mexico. The female has a brood-pouch on the posterior part of the back. The 

 larvee have bell-shaped external branchial vesicles. Pit t/Homedusa Incolor Bocld., 

 South America; De-nil rolmti'x iliu-torius Schn,, Cayenne. 



CHAPTER VII. 

 Class III. REPTILIA.* 



Scaly or armoured cold-blooded animals with exclusively pulmonary 

 respiration and two ventricles incompletely separated from one another. 

 Embryos with an amnion and an allantois. 



The body-form of the Reptilia varies far more than does that of 

 the J iDjthibid, but repeats on the whole the types described for the 

 latter class. The trunk still plays the principal part in locomotion, 

 and accordingly the vertebral column presents a uniform segmenta- 

 tion adapted for serpentine movements. The body, except in the 



* J. G. Schneider, " Historia Amphibiorum naturalis et literaria." 171)9 to 

 1801. 



A. Giinther, " The Reptiles of British India," London. 18C4. 

 E. Schreiber, ' Herpetologia europtt-a," Braunschweig. 1875. 



