264 AYES. 



s|i;irrowhawk-like, with barred plumage ; Cocci/sUs ylanclarvus L., Great Spotted 

 Cuckoo of South Europe. 



Here are allied the Musophagidae (Plaintain-eaters). Corytliaix pcrsa L., 

 Guinea ; Musvplnuja violncca Isert, Plaintain-eater, West Africa. In Colivs 

 the outer and inner toes can be turned backwards or forwards. 



Fam. Picidae (Woodpeckers). Powerfully-built ti-ansores, with strong, 

 chisel-shaped beak, pointed in front, without cere. Metatarsus with trans- 

 verse scales ; feet with .strong claws ; with firm tail. The tongue is long, flat 

 and horny, and bears at its end arrow-like, short, recurved hooks : it can be 

 rapidly protruded to a considerable distance in consequence of a peculiar 

 mechanism of the hyoid bone. The cornua of the hyoid are bent into wide 

 arches, and extend over the skull to the base of the beak. Picus martins L., 

 Black Woodpecker, Europe and Asia ; P. major L. ; P. medivs L. ; P. {Piriilxx) 

 'in/niir L., Lesser Spotted Woodpecker, Europe ; P. trirfacfi/li/x L. ; P. r />/>/ L.. 

 Green Woodpecker ; P. c/mus Gm., Greyheaded Green Woodpecker : lyn.c 

 torqitilla L., Wryneck. 



Fam. Psittacidae (Parrots). Scansores of the warmer climates, with stout, 

 strongly-bent beak, fleshy tongue, and powerful legs with short metatarsus. 

 The feet, with toes arranged in pairs, are used like a hand to seize the food. The 

 upper beak, which is dentated and covered at its base by a cere, is articulated 

 with the frontal, and its long hooked extremity overlaps the short and broad 

 lower beak. Most of the Parrots belong to America, many also to the Moluccas 

 and Australia, A few are found in Polynesia, New Zealand, and Africa. 



PlictolophincB. Cockatoos. Head usually with movable crest. Phctolophun 

 lus Less. ; Nj/utp/ticus Novce Holland ice Gray ; Calyptorliynclww 

 Lath., Van Diemen's Land. 

 Platycereina?. Parrakeets. With moderately pointed, rarely rounded win<; , 

 and long, graduated, wedge-shaped tail. Sittace militaris L.. Maccaw. Mexico; 

 Palceornis Alexandri L., Ceylon ; Melopsittacus 'undulatim Shaw (Wellenpa- 

 pagei), Australia ; P/'zoponts formosus Lath., Ground- Parrakeet, Aiistralia : 

 Platycercvs Pennantii Lath., Australia. 



Psittacina: Tail truncated, or rounded. Psittaeus rrttlitu-us L., Grey Parrot. 

 West Africa ; PxitttK-nlti p/mserlna L., Love-bird, Brazil. 



Trir/i(it/fn.i/iitice. Lories. The tip of the tongue is pencil-shaped, with feathery. 

 horny papillte. TricJtoglossus pupufiixix L., New Guinea ; Nextm- meridwnalia 

 L.. New Zealand. 



iStriffiijjince. Kakapos. Of owl-like appearance, with incomplete feather-disc. 

 Striycjts habroptilus Gray, New Zealand. 



Order 6. PASSERES (INSESSORES). PASSERINE BIRDS. 



Birds with liorny beak, without cere. Metatarsus covered witli 

 lamina;, or scales. TJte feet are pedes atnbulatorii, p. gressorii, or 

 p. adhamantes. The young are altrices. A vocal apparatus with 

 muscles is frequently present. 



The birds included in this large order are of small size, and present 

 great differences in the form of their beak: they fly exceeding! v 

 well. When on the ground they hop, or more rarely walk, and 



