rlllKol'TKKA 



329 



thumb (tig. 699). The other fingers have two phalanges, and are 

 without claws. The dentition has four or two incisors, which often 

 fall out, one canine, and four or six grinders with Hat, bluntly- 

 tuberculated crowns. The prjemaxillse are loosely united with one 

 another, and with the maxillae. The tongue is beset with a number 

 of backwardly-directed, horny spines. They inhabit the forests of 

 the hot regions of Africa. East Indi;i, and Australia. Many of them 

 are eaten on account of their well-flavoured flesh. 



Fain. Pteropidae (Flying Fox<^). Tin' small ears and the nose are without 

 \ the cutaneous appendages and valve-. 1'frro/ntx rtliilis (irolr'.. Kal'>n<_r. |-.a-t 



3 

 3' 



212 



Indies. Dentition: " 



cephdlvtrs Pall.. Amboina. 



Sub-order 2. Insectivora (Insect-eating Bats). 

 short ; the ears are lai-ge, and frequently 

 covered with valves. Grinding teeth sharply 

 tuberculated or cutting, and composed of 

 three-sided pyramids. The thumb alone 

 bears a claw. Some of them live on insects ; 

 some on the blood of warm-blooded animals. 



Tribe 1. Gymnorhina. The nose is 

 smooth, and without foliaceous appendages. 

 The prannaxilla? are firmly ankylosed with 

 the maxilla?. The ears sometimes meet one 

 another on the top of the head, and are 

 sometimes widely separate ; the valves of 

 the ears varv considerably. 



The snout is 



FlG . 700 ._Head of 



, />*) spectrum 



animal). 



Fam. Vespertilionidae. Tlie lonjr and slender tail is entirely iixduded in 

 the interfemoral membrane. 1'li-mfnx /nii-itii* L.. Long-eared Hat : 



Sehrel'.. the r.ar^ 'a>ti'lle : Vcxjx'rHlin miir'uuis Schi'eb. 



-. Vcxncnif/o nocfula Sehreb. ; T". [iip'ittrt'Utix Sehreb. 



3 i 3 :> 



Fam. Taphozoidae. Tail shorter than the intert'emural me ubrane. Tin' 

 of the thumb is within the pata^imii. T:i]>ln>;<nis Iriiropt-rnix Temni.. South 

 Africa: Mi/stac'inti turbcrcitlata (!ray. Xe\v Zealand. 



Tribe 2. Phyllorhina. (.'utane ms appendages are sjtread on and 

 over the nose. They consist of a, horseshoe-shaped anterior leaf 

 (ferrum equiiimn), a medium saddle (WAf), and a posterior, usually 

 vertical lancet-shaped leaf (lin-'-t) (tig. 700). The pra-naxilla? are 

 not ankylosed with the maxilla-. Ears separated. Feed partly on the 

 blood of warm-blooded Vertebrates, which they attack while sleeping. 



