336 MAMMALIA. 



hensile, but is in some cases rudimentary, or, as in the Anthropomor- 

 H, entirely absent as an external appendage. 



F:im. Cynocephalidae. I.aboons. Of stout, iiuwieldy build, with dog-like 

 projecting snout. The canine teeth are large like those of the Carnivora. There 

 are cheek pouches and large ischial callosities. Cymwpltalus Jiamadnjas L. ; 

 C. Jialmin Desm., Abyssinia ; C. G clad a Eiipp., Gelada ; Pajrio mormon L.. 

 .Mandrill. Africa. 



Fam. Cercopithecidae. Of slender, light build, with cheek pouches, ischial 

 callosities, and tail of various length, without terminal tuft. Macacussinicus^L., 

 nnd Kill mix L.. India ; J/. cytiomolfjux L.. the Java Ape ; Rhesus ncmestrinus 

 'irolfr.. Borneo and Sumatra: Tnmis sylvanus ii., ecaitdatus Geoffr. , Barbary 

 Ape, North Africa and Gibraltar : CercopitJiecus xnlxfits F. Cuv., West Africa. 



Fam. Semnopitheeidae. With small ischial callosities, without true cheek 

 pouches. The thumb is short. Semnopithecus entrllux L., reverenced in the 

 Indies as the holy ape of the Hindoos ; S. nasicns Cuv., Borneo. 



The African genus Culobiis is allied to the SemnopitJieeidcB, from which it is 

 distinguished principally by the thumb, which is rudimentary, or wanting. 

 I'nluini.t Giinrza Wagn.. with long pendent white mane and caudal tuft, 

 Abyssinia. 



Fam. Anth.ropomorph.ae. Without tail, with long front limbs, without ischial 

 callosities [except in the Gibbons] and cheek pouches. The body is closely 

 covered with hair on the under side of the trunk and the limbs. Hylolmtt* 

 Lar 111.. //. syndactylus Cuv.. Siamang, Gibbon. The front limbs are very long, 

 reaching to the ground. Xrtfi/i-ttx Onuig L.. Orang-Utang, Pongo. Lives in the 

 swampy forests of Borneo. Gorilla e.ngena- = gina J. Geoffr., Gorilla (tig 7'6). 

 Lives gregariously in forests on the west coast of Africa (on the Gaboon River) 

 and reaches a height of five and a half to six feet. Troglodytes n '/<> L., the 

 Chimpanzee ; lives in great companies in the forests of Guinea, and is said to 

 build a nest with a roof upon trees. 



Man.* 



With reason and articulate speech, -with uprnjht gait, with hands and 

 broad-soled, short-toed feet . 



Although the view, which formerly was so widely held, that Man 

 belongs to a special natural kingdom, above and outside the animal 



* J. F. Blumeubach, " De generis humanis varietate nativa.'' Gottingse, 1795. 

 And. Decas Collectionis su;v craniorum diversai'um gentium illustrata," 

 Gottingte, 17!()-isi>n. 



J. C. Prichard, " Researches into the Physical History of Mankind." 2nd ed. 

 London, 1826. 



A. Retzius, ' : Anthropologische Aut'siitzc," iibersetzt in Miiller's Archiv. 



Huxley, ' On the zoological relations of man with the lower animals," Sat. 

 Hist. Rci:, 1S61. 



Huxley, "Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature," London. 1868. 



C. Vogt, " Vorlesungen iiber den Menschen," etc., Giessen. 1863. 



M. L. Bischoff, " Ueber die Verschiedenheit in der Schadelbilduug des Gorilla, 

 Chimpanse und Orang-Utang." etc., Miinchen. 1867. 



Quetelet, ' Anthropometrie." 1870. 



Friedrich Miiller, " Allgemuine Ethnographie,'' Wien, 187!). 



