264 SYSTEMATIC ZOOLOGY. 



palpi, and labium, are present, but in a more or less re- 

 duced condition. 



There are two great divisions of the Lepidoptera, the 

 butterflies and the moths of common language. The day- 

 flying butterflies hold the wings erect over the back when 

 at rest, and they have the antennae enlarged into clubs 

 at the tip. In the moths, which are mostly nocturnal, 

 the wings are carried nearly horizontally when at rest, 

 and the antennae, while frequently feathered, are never 

 clubbed. 



Among the smallest, and at the same time the most 

 troublesome, of the moths are those pests, the clothes- 

 moths and their relatives, which do such damage to 

 woolen goods, furs, etc. These are among the few larvae 

 of moths which have left a vegetarian diet and taken to 

 food of animal origin. Another exception is found in 

 the bee-moth, the larva of which is found in apiaries, 

 feeding upon the wax and spinning its silk all through 

 the comb. 



Of the leaf -rolling moths the codling-moth is the best 

 known. Its larva is the worm so frequently found near 

 the core of apples. Other allied species tie the leaves of 

 apple-trees, rose-bushes, etc., together and live in the nest 

 thus formed. 



The Geometrids include those moths whose larvae are 

 commonly known as measuring-worms from their looping 

 gait. All of these are pests, and the canker-worms exceed 

 all the rest in this respect. These are especially noticeable 

 from the fact that the adult female is wingless. 



The sphinx-moths or hawk-moths are large narrow- 

 winged forms, the larvae of which are injurious to many 

 plants. From the attitude assumed by some larvae when 

 at rest the name sphinx was applied to the group; the 



