392 SYSTEMATIC ZOOLOGY. 



pouches for the storage of food, etc., and naked callous 

 patches on which they sit. Some have long tails, others 

 no tails at all. The macaques and mangabeys are allied 

 Asiatic forms. 



In the anthropoid apes tail, cheek-pouches, and callous 

 spots are lacking; as the name indicates, they are man- 

 like. There are three of these. The orang-utan (the 

 name is Malay for Man of the Woods) lives in Borneo and 

 Sumatra. The chimpanzee and the gorilla are African. 

 Each of these has certain points in which it is more like 

 man than are the others. 



The highest mammal is man, who differs from the other 

 primates less in structure than in intelligence. 



SUMMARY OF IMPORTANT FACTS. 



1. The CHORD AT A possess a notochord, gill slits, and 

 a central nervous system entirely on one side of the diges- 

 tive tract. 



2. To the Chordata belong the Tunicata, Leptocardii, and 

 Vertebrata. 



3. The TUNICATA are marine; in most species the noto- 

 chord exists only in the tadpole-like young. Many species 

 reproduce by budding. 



4. The LEPTOCARDII are fish-like, but differ from the 

 true fishes in lack of skull, vertebrae, and heart. They are 

 marine, small, and transparent. 



5. The VERTEBRATA have skull and vertebral column, 

 and usually paired appendages. They breathe by gills 

 or by lungs, both connected with the digestive tract. 



6. The brain consists of five divisions: cerebrum, 'twixt- 

 brain, optic lobes, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata. 

 7. The heart is ventral in position; it consists of an 



