TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



PAGE 



INTRODUCTION... i 



HISTORY OF ZOOLOGY 5 



DEVELOPMENT OF SYSTEMATIC ZOOLOGY . . 6 



DEVELOPMENT OF MORPHOLOGY 9 



HISTORY OF THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION 14 



THEORY OF THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES .... 18 



GENERAL MORPHOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY. .. 50 



GENERAL ANATOMY 50 



The Morphological Units of the Animal Body 51 



The Tissues of the Animal Body 63 



Epithelial Tissues 64 



Connective Tissues 74 



Muscular Tissues 80 



Nervous Tissues 83 



Summary 87 



The Combination of Tissues into Organs 



Vegetative Organs 91 



Organs of Assimilation 9 1 



Digestive Tract 93 



Respiratory Organs 96 



Circulatory Apparatus 99 



Excretory Organs 104 



Sexual Organs 107 



Animal Organs no 



Organs of Locomotion no 



Nervous System 111 



Sense Organs 114 



Summary . . 122 



Promorphology 123 



GENERAL EMBRYOLOGY.... 1-37 



Spontaneous Generation 127 



Generation by Parents 128 



Asexual Reproduction 128 



Sexual Reproduction 129 



Combined Methods of Reproduction 13 



General Phenomena of Sexual Reproduction. . . 132 



Maturation of the Egg ... 132 



Fertilization ' 134 



Cleavage Processes 



Heredity 



Mendel's Law 



Formation of the Germ Layers 145 



Different Forms of Sexual Development 149 



Summary 1 5 1 



vii 



