PROTOZOA: SUMMARY OF IMPORTANT FACTS 109 



rence of these animals in water which originally contained none is easily 

 explained. 



7. The mode of locomotion serves for division of the Protozoa into 

 the classes Rhizopoda, Flagellata, Ciliata, and Sporozoa. 



8. The RHIZOPODA have temporary protoplasmic processes, the 

 pseudopodia. 



9. The Rhizopoda are subdivided into Monera, Lobosa, Heliozoa, 

 Radiolaria, Foraminifera, and Mycetozoa. 



10. The Lobosa and Monera have no definite shape. The Lobosa 

 have a nucleus, the Monera are anucleate. 



11. Heliozoa and Radiolaria are spherical and have fine radiating 

 pseudopodia and frequently silicious skeletons. They are distinguished 

 by a central capsule in the Radiolaria which is lacking in the Heliozoa. 



12. The Thalamophora (Foraminifera) have a shell, closed at one end, 

 the other open for the extension of pseudopodia. The shell is chitinous 

 or calcareous, one or several chambered, straight or spiral; the pseudo- 

 podia are occasionally lobular, but usually filiform, branching and 

 anastomosing. 



13. The Foraminifera are of great geological importance on account 

 of their numbers and their shells, which have built and are still building 

 extensive beds of rock (chalk, nummulitic limestone). The silicious 

 skeletons of the Radiolaria are less important. 



14. Mycetozoa (Myxomycetes) are mostly enormous Amoebae with 

 reticulate protoplasm (plasmodium). They form complex reproductive 

 structures (sporangia), recalling those of the fungi. 



15. FLAGELLATA have one or a few long vibratile processes flagella 

 which serve for locomotion and for the taking of food. 



16. The Autoflagellata have only flagella; they feed like plants by 

 means of chlorophyl (Volvocinae) , or upon fluid food (parasites), or upon 

 solid food, either by pseudopodia, by a mouth (cytostome), or by a collar. 



17. Several are parasitic in man (Trichomonas vaginalis, Lamblia 

 intcsfinalis, and especially prominent Trypanosoma gambiense (cause of 

 sleeping sickness). Perhaps Spirochccte pallida (cause of syphilis) 

 belongs here. 



1 8. The Dinoflagellata have two kinds of flagella and usually an 

 armor of cellulose. 



19. The Cystoflagellata have a gelatinous body enclosed in a firm 

 membrane (Noctiluca). 



20. SPOROZOA are parasitic Protozoa, usually without organs of loco- 

 motion or mouth. They take no solid food, but live by osmosis on tissue 

 fluids. The encysted animals produce spores (beginning with fecunda- 



