4-JS 



ARTHROPODA 



Yet all Rhynchota may he recognized by the sucking proboscis (fig. 478), 

 consisting of the grooved labium in which the needle-like mandibles 



and maxillae play. The wing structures 

 afford the basis of division into three sub 

 orders. 



Sub Order I. HEMIPTERA (Heterop- 

 tera). Anterior wings hemelytra, i.e., leath- 

 ery at base, soft and elastic at tip (fig. 479);- 

 between the hemelytra is a conspicuous 

 triangular scutcllum (s) covering more or 

 less of the dorsal surface. Hemelytra and 

 scutellum occasionally disappear. A further 

 characteristic is the presence of stink glands, 

 which open in adults vcntrally on the meta- 

 thorax; in larvae dorsally on the abdomen. 

 According to habits families may be grouped 

 into the aquatic HYDROCORES and the 

 terrestrial GEOCORES Of the first the 

 BELOSTOMHXE are noticeable from their size, 

 Bclostoma americana* being nearly 2\ inches 

 long. Other families are NEPID^E (Ratiatra* 

 water scorpion), NOTONECTHXE, HYDRO- 

 etc. Of the Geocores the REDU- 



FIG. 478. Head of Cicada s.-p. VIZM ' which fced on other insects; ACAN- 

 tendecim, the mouth parts separated THIID - (Acanthia lecluaria* bed bug); 

 (orig.). a, antenna; <>, compound LYG.ElDy, chinch bug, Blissus leucopterus,* 

 eye; /, labium; md, mandible; mx, injurious to grain; and PENTATOMHXE, stink 

 maxilla. bugs, may be mentioned. Sub Order II. 



HOMOPTERA. Winjjs, when not degen- 



erate, similar in texture throughout, although often differing in size. They 

 are either parchment-like or delicate membranes. Frequently wax-like sub- 

 stances are secreted from dermal glands and cover the surface like a down. 

 The CICADID^E, Cicada,* are noticeable from their shrill notes, ' produced 

 by a drum on abdomen vibrated by muscles. CERCOPID/E, the spittle bug 

 (Aprophora*) causes drops of foam on grass. The leaf hoppers, or JASSHXE, 

 contain some injurious forms, Erythronura vitis* damaging the grape; the 



FIG. 4-9. Pcntatoma rufipes (from Hajek). s, scutellum. 



tree hoppers, MEMBRACID.E (fig. 481), are scarcely less injurious. None 

 are such serious pests as plant lice and scale insects. In the COCCHXE, or 

 scale insects, the wingless female dies after laying the eggs and covers them 

 with her dead scale-like body. Here belong the cochineal insects, Coccus 

 cacti* which furnish carmine, the lac insects, and a host of injurious forms, 



