IV. INSECTA: HEXAPODA, RHYNCIIOTA 



42'J 



FIG. 480. 



481. 



FIG. 480. Cicada septendecim* seventeen year locust (from Riley). a, pupa; b, 

 )a case from which the imago, c, has escaped; d, twig bored for oviposition. 

 FIG. 481. Ceresa bubalus* buffalo leaf hopper (after Marlatt). 



FIG. 482. FIG. 483. 



FIG. 482. Phylloxera vastatrix (from Ludwig-Leunis). i, winged generation; 2, 

 grape root, with nodules (a) caused by Phylloxera ; 3, wirigk-ss root-generation. 



FIG. 483. Phthirius inguinalis, crab louse (after Luuckart). 



