432 



ARTHROPODA 



penetrans* attacks man, the female boring into the skin and there 

 laying the eggs. 



Order XL Lepidoptera. 



This group of butterflies and moths is the most sharply limited of any 

 order of Hexapods. The wings, both pairs of which are well developed 

 (rarely lacking, as in many female Psychida? and some Geometridae) , are 

 covered with scales (flattened hairs), and to these are due the frequently, 

 brilliant color patterns. Frequentl} the fore and hind wings are united 

 by hooks. The mesothorax is large and the smaller pro- and metathorax 

 are closely united to it, giving the region a distinctness from head or abdo- 

 men. The mouth parts are peculiar (fig. 447), although foreshadowed in 

 the Phryganids, and not fully developed in the Microlepidoptera. The 

 mandibles are rudimentary or absent, while the fused maxilla?, greatly 

 elongate, form -the proboscis. The development is holometabolous; the 



FiG. 488. Leucaniii nnipunctata, army-worm and moth (from Riley). 



larva?, frequently called caterpillars (fig. 460), have biting mouth parts, 

 the mandibles very strong; and also a pair of silk glands (sericteria), which 

 open on the labium and produce a secretion hardening to silk ; besides the 

 thoracic legs, prolegs (two to five pairs) are present. The pupa? are 

 usually pupa; obtecta?, sometimes ornamented with golden spots, whence 

 the name chrysalides often applied to them. 



Sub Order I. MICROLEPIDOPTERA. Small, inconspicuous; at rest 

 holding the wings horizontally over the back. TINEID.E; the larva? form a tube 

 of the food material which they carry around with them. Tinea pellianella,* 

 the clothes moth. TORTRICID^E; the larva? roll leaves into a tube. Carpocapsa 

 pnmoni'11,1* the codlin moth of apples. Sub Order II. GEOMETRINA. 

 Moths slender, wings in pattern and shape recalling those of butterflies, but 

 held horizontally when at rest; 'tongue' (proboscis) small; larva? with two, rarely 



