614 FAMILY VII. TETTIGONIIDJE. THE CAMEL CRICKETS. 



ward, placed a little above and close to the basal joint of antenna 1 ; 

 maxillary palpi long, slender, the apical joint longest, somewhat 

 curved, split on the under side three-fourths of its length, which 

 is nearly equal to that of the two preceding taken together; lateral 

 lobes of prouotum covering the corresponding epimera; meso- and 

 metanotimi of the same form but shorter than pronotum ; pros- 

 ternum unarmed ; fore and middle femora slender, relatively 

 short, the former armed beneath on lower inner carina with one 

 to four short spines, the latter on both lower carinae with two to 

 four similar spines; hind femora thick, heavy, turned inward at 

 base, channeled beneath, with the margins of channel either ser- 

 rate or spined in males, very feebly armed in females. Male with 

 snbgenital plate broad, usually emargiuate or deeply cleft, rarely 

 entire; sometimes with a pair of infracercal or podigal plates, 

 incurved between the bases of the cerci. Ovipositor nearly 

 straight, usually stout at base, and strongly tapering to middle, 

 beyond which it is subequal, the outer valves obliquely excised 

 and slightly upturned at tip; inner valves with three to seven 

 teeth on under side of apical fourth, the tips of the valves end- 

 ing in a curved tooth or "terminal hook." Cerci of both sexes 

 long, slender, usually very hairy. 



These insects are seldom seen except by the professional col 

 lector. They are nocturnal in their habits, and during the day 

 hide beneath stones along the margins of small woodland streams, 

 or beneath logs and chunks in damp woods, in which places sel- 

 dom less than two, nor more than three or four, are found asso- 

 ciated together. Being wingless they make no noise, and, like 

 most other silent creatures are supposed to be deaf, as no (race 

 of an ear-drum is visible. 



That they are well-nigh omnivorous in their choice of food, I 

 have determined by keeping them in confinement, when they fed 

 upon meat as well as upon pieces of fruit and vegetables, seem- 

 ingly preferring the latter. The majority of the species evidently 

 reach maturity and deposit their eggs in late summer or early 

 autumn, as the full grown insects are more common then, but 

 have been taken as late as December 1st. The eggs, which are sup- 

 posed to be laid in the earth, usually hatch in April, but some are 

 hatched in autumn and the young live over winter, an anomaly 

 among the Tettigoniidre, as I have taken them on a number of oc- 

 casions throughout the winter. Several of the species inhabit 

 caves and are usually of larger size, with longer antenna 1 and 

 smaller compound eyes than those found above ground. 



