SUBFAMILY I. BACUNCULIXJE. 131 



resented in the United States, where but five of the 16 recognized 

 subfamilies are known to occur. Three of these subfamilies are 

 represented in the Eastern United States by six genera and eleven 

 species. The following literature treats especially of the North 

 American representatives of the family: Riley, 1879; Scudder, 

 1895, 1901; Caudell, 1903a, 1913, 1918; Brunuer, 1907; Severin, 

 1911, 1911a, 1913; R, & H., 1916; Somes, 1916. 



KEY TO EASTERN SUBFAMILIES OF PHASMID.E. 



a. Mesothorax four or more times as long as prothorax; hind and middle 



tibiae not deeply emarginate beneath at apex. 



I). Tegmina and wings absent; median segment not or barely longer 

 than broad; head unarmed above. I. BACUNCULIN^E, p. 131. 



1)1). Adults with short tegmina and wings; median segment longer 

 than broad; head armed above with two short horns. 



II. PHIBALOSOMIN.E, p. 143. 



aa. Mesothorax never more than three times as long as prothorax; hind 

 and middle tibiae broadly and deeply emarginate beneath at apex, 

 thus forming a cavity to receive the base of the tarsi when bent upon 

 them. III. ANISOMORPHIN.*:, p. 144. 



Subfamily T. BACUNCULINJE. 



This subfamily comprises the longest and most slender of our 

 North American walking-sticks. They have the mesothorax usu- 

 ally five or more times as long as prothorax; antennae in our 

 eastern genera more than twice as long as the front femora ; tibiae 

 without a sunken areola beneath the apex ; tarsi five-jointed. 

 Seven of the United States genera belong to this subfamily. Of 

 these representatives of four have been recorded from the area 

 covered by this work. 



KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF BACUNCULIN.E. 



a. Head subquadrate or subcylindrical, usually distinctly longer than 

 broad, attached obliquely or horizontally; small or medium sized 

 species, rarely over 95 mm. in length; hind femora without a row of 

 spines beneath; cerci of male not spatulate. 



b. Hind femora of both sexes armed beneath with a subapical spine, 

 prominent in male, smaller in female; middle femora of male 

 usually distinctly thicker than the hind ones; head subquad- 

 rate, but slightly longer than broad. I. DIAPHEROMERA. 

 bb. Hind femora unarmed beneath; middle femora of male not or but 



slightly thicker than the hind ones. 



c. Middle femora armed beneath with a distinct subapical spine; 

 head subcylindrical, twice or more as long as broad. 



II. MANOMERA. 

 cc. Middle femora not spined beneath. III. HETERONEMIA. 



