184 FAMILY V. TETRIGID.E. THE GROUSE LOCUSTS. 



zones of the eastern United States, occurring generally in Ontario 

 and New England, and at least as far south as Ocean City, N. J., 

 thence Avest to Iowa and Minnesota, its southern range overlap- 

 ping that of lateralis in the lower portion of the Upper Austral 

 zone. R. & H. ( 1916, 151 ) state that intermediate forms connect- 

 ing the two races occur in the pine barrens and adjacent coastal 

 strip of New Jersey, in Delaware, Maryland and northern Vir- 

 ginia, southern Illinois, Missouri, Tennessee and northern Geor- 

 gia, Hancock's nicdiaJis being based on such connecting forms. 

 In Iowa parvipennis is said by Ball (1897, 238) "to be abundant 

 in low timber-land where the undergrowth is short." 



Hancock (1902, 149) gives an interesting account of the color 

 phases of parvipennis as noted near Twin Lakes, Wis., stating that 

 they were "amazingly variable but the hue of every insect was per- 

 fectly in keeping, with the environment. Here one would be on 

 the lichens, another on the swamp grass, and still others on the 

 black muck, and yet all, generally speaking, accorded with the 

 surroundings. The dried specimens have since changed so that 

 whole rows of specimens which, when fresh, presented the pretti- 

 est variations, now present a dark uninteresting hue." He also 

 describes (1894, 483) a migration in September, 1893, when the 

 long-winged form of parvipennis was present in great numbers in 

 the city of Chicago, and Rehn (1902c) mentions a similar flight 

 as occurring in Philadelphia in September of that year. The long 

 form of parv-ipennis described by Morse (1895, 109) under the 

 name pennata is more common in Indiana than the typical short 

 one described by Harris, and Ball states that in Iowa pennata is 

 much the more abundant, but Morse (1894a, 166) says that in 

 New England the short form is about three times as common as 

 the long one. 

 78. TETTIGIDEA PRORSA Scudder, 1877b, 34. Cone-headed Grouse Locust. 



Form rather slender, face strongly oblique. Dark brown, the dorsal 

 surface of pronotum often paler than the lateral lobes; male with face and 

 lower portion of lateral lobes usually dull yellow; antennas yellowish, 

 darker toward tips. Vertex as described in key, its median carina low, 

 blunt, continuous with the frontal costa, their point of union, viewed in 

 profile, obtuse-angulate, the costa prominent between the antennae, nar- 

 rowly sulcate. Pronotum with dorsal surface evenly granulate and with 

 feeble longitudinal rugae between the shoulders; front margin broadly 

 rounded ; posterior process in the more common short form reaching only 

 to base of ovipositor, female, its apex rather broad, obtuse; in long form 

 surpassing tips of hind femora; median carina low but distinct; tegminal 

 sinus narrow, shallow, lower one a broad, shallow concavity, the lobe be- 



