562 FAMILY VII. TETTIGONIID.E. THE KATYDIDS. 



bubbles adhering to its body." R. H. (1915a, 71) have recorded 

 0. militare as having a similar habit, and it may be quite com- 

 mon among the subaquatic species of the genus. 



VI. CONOCEPHALUS Thuiiberg, 1815, 271. (Gr., "conical" + 



"head") 



THE SMALLER MEADOW GRASSHOPPERS. 



This genus, the Xiphidion or Xipltidiunt of most recent writers 

 and of my former work (1903, 371), comprises the small- 

 est of our winged Tettigoniidse. The genus is very close to OrclicU- 

 in u in, the characters given in the generic key, p. 534 being the prin- 

 cipal ones used for their separation. In addition, as stated by 

 R. & H. (1915b, 156), in ConocepJialiis "the stimulating field of 

 the male tegmen is normally smaller, narrower and less extensive 

 than in OrcJtelinium, the vicinity of the arcuate vein not strongly 

 produced or overhanging and, when looking from the dorsum, the 

 humeral trunk is never hidden. The male cerci, though variable, 

 do not in any of our species, exhibit the type found in the major- 

 ity of the species of Orchelimum in which the tooth is placed in a 

 more or less decided socket-like depression. All of the American 

 species have the cerci unispinose and the subgenital plate is trun- 

 cate distad in the great majority of them." The ovipositor is for 

 the most part straight and often of great length, though distinctly 

 curved in G. neinoralis and evidently though faintly so in a few 

 other forms. As already noted under OrclieJinutin, all these minor 

 differences are comparative only, there being not a single fixed 

 differential character to distinguish the two genera. Their sep- 

 aration in literature is therefore really more a matter of conven- 

 ience for treatment of an otherwise very bulky aggregation of 

 forms than a natural grouping of allied insects. 



The tegmina and wings of most of the species of ConocepJialiis 

 are dimorphic in length. A smaller number are dimorphic in 

 color, while a few possess ovipositors differing greatly in length. 

 The variations in wing length and color in the same species seem 

 to be abrupt, with no intervening forms. There are long-winged 

 and short-winged forms of the same species, but none with the 

 wings of medium length ; and when a brown form is tinged with 

 green, or vice versa, the amount of the different color varies but 

 little. Ten of the 13 eastern species are thus dimorphic as re- 

 gards the length of the wings, the short-winged individuals, as 

 far as my observation goes, far outnumbering those with the wings 

 fully developed. All the inacropterous forms have the wings sur- 



