SUBFAMILY IV. COXOCEPIIALIN.E. 



passing the tegmina 2 to 4 mm., while in the brachypterous forms 

 the tegmina are as long as or longer than the wings. Of the varia- 

 tions in the length of the tegmina Brunei" (181H, ."!)( has well 

 said: "In the genera Xipliirtiinn and Orclieliiiiiiiii wing length is 

 a character not to be relied upon as a specific or even varietal dif- 

 ference" ; yet Redtenbacher, in his "Monographic der Conocephal- 

 ideu," separated a number of his species by this character alone, 

 and I can find no mention in his work of the fact that such a, 

 variation exists. 



The majority of the inland species of ConoccplHiliis are more 

 xcrophytic in habitat than those of Orchelintnni, occurring for the 

 most part in dry upland localities rather than in marshes or 

 about the margins of lakes and streams. The borders of culti- 

 vated fields, orchards and gardens, edges of thickets and clumps 

 of vines or briers in open woodland are their favorite abiding 

 1 -.laces. The call notes of the males are in general lower, softer 

 and more lisping than those of the same sex of Ore-licit HI inn. Al- 

 Ir.rd, (1914) writes of these notes as follows: 



"Very noticeable differences in the manner of stridulation character- 

 ize many of the species of Xiphidion. According to the character of 

 the notes these insects may be grouped into three classes. Those of the 

 first class always produce a few, brief staccato lisps followed by a more or 

 less prolonged, lisping, monotone, or in the case of X. nemorale the staccato 

 lisps precede from two to thirty-two brief phrases rapidly repeated. A 

 number of Xiphidions in this class stridulate in quite the same manner as 

 the more common species of OrcJielimum. Although barely audible, the 

 stridulations of X. fasciatum in delivery and duration are an almost per- 

 fect reproduction of the staccato lisps and succeeding monotone charac- 

 teristic of Orchelimum vulgare or 0. molossum. 



"The notes of Xiphidions in the second class consist of weak, lisping 

 phrases alone, as staccato lisps are quite wanting. The stridulations of X. 

 aUardi are of this character. Among the Orchelimums this is also the 

 habit of stridulation of 0. minor. In the stridulations of Xiphidions of the 

 third class, staccato lisps are also wanting, but the note is a long-continued, 

 lisping monotone, similar to that of some of the cone-headed grasshoppers, 

 although not nearly as loud and penetrating. X. stricpiim stridulates in 

 this manner." 



The reasons for the replacement of the Avell known generic 

 name XipJiiditnn by Conoccplinhis, a name formerly used for 

 the large cone-heads now placed under ycticoiioccplKilus. are set 

 forth by Caudell (1910a) and by R. & H. (Iftlob, 156), as follows: 

 "In 1815 Thuuberg erected the genus Coiioccplxiliis including in 

 it 24 species; under one of these C. Jicniiptcnts (p. 272) he placed 

 as a synonym Locusta conoccpluilits of Fabricius, which citation 



